A Jointing
See Joining
See Joining
AA
Aluminum Association
Aluminum Association
AAA
American Arbitration Association
American Arbitration Association
AAA Tenant
A well-known business tenant with a very high credit rating, or one whose national or local name will lend prestige to a shopping center or office project.
A well-known business tenant with a very high credit rating, or one whose national or local name will lend prestige to a shopping center or office project.
AAC
1 Autoclaved Aerated Concrete
1 Autoclaved Aerated Concrete
AAHSA
American Association of Homes and Services for the Aging
American Association of Homes and Services for the Aging
AAMC
Teaching Hospitals by Geography
Teaching Hospitals by Geography
AAN
American Association of Nurserymen
American Association of Nurserymen
AASHTO
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials
Abacus
The flat slab on top of a column capital, supporting the architrave
The flat slab on top of a column capital, supporting the architrave
Abandonment
The failure of both parties to a contract to abide by its terms
The failure of both parties to a contract to abide by its terms
Abattoir
A slaughterhouse; a place where animals are butchered for food
A slaughterhouse; a place where animals are butchered for food
Aberration
A distortion of an image produced by a faulty lens or mirror
A distortion of an image produced by a faulty lens or mirror
Above Ground Tank
A large above ground vessel used for the storage of liquids
A large above ground vessel used for the storage of liquids
Abrade
Scrape or wear away by friction
Scrape or wear away by friction
Abrams Law
A rule stating that with given concrete materials and conditions of test, the ratio of the amount of water to the amount of the cement in the mixture determines the strength of the concrete, provided the mixture is of a workable consistency
A rule stating that with given concrete materials and conditions of test, the ratio of the amount of water to the amount of the cement in the mixture determines the strength of the concrete, provided the mixture is of a workable consistency
Abrasion
Wearing away by friction
Wearing away by friction
Abrasion Resistance
Ability of a surface to resist being worn away by rubbing and friction
Ability of a surface to resist being worn away by rubbing and friction
Abrasive
A substance used for wearing, grinding, cleaning, or polishing by rubbing or grinding
A substance used for wearing, grinding, cleaning, or polishing by rubbing or grinding
Abrasive Coatings
In closed coating of paper no adhesive is exposed, as surface of paper is completely covered with abrasive; in open coating, surface of backing paper is covered with regulated amount of abrasive, exposing the adhesive; space between the abrasive grains rces loading and filling when sanding gummy or soft materials
In closed coating of paper no adhesive is exposed, as surface of paper is completely covered with abrasive; in open coating, surface of backing paper is covered with regulated amount of abrasive, exposing the adhesive; space between the abrasive grains rces loading and filling when sanding gummy or soft materials
Abrasive Paper
Paper with an abrasive surface; sandpaper, emery paper; garnet paper
Paper with an abrasive surface; sandpaper, emery paper; garnet paper
Abrasive Surface
A surface that has been roughened for safety or for warning
A surface that has been roughened for safety or for warning
Abrasive Surface Tile
Floor tile that has been roughened to be slip-resistant
Floor tile that has been roughened to be slip-resistant
ABS
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene; a plastic used for piping; has high resistance to impact, heat, and chemicals
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene; a plastic used for piping; has high resistance to impact, heat, and chemicals
ABS Pipe
A plastic pipe sold in 10 and 20 foot lengths in various diameters for plumbing stacks and drains; used primarily for drain lines
A plastic pipe sold in 10 and 20 foot lengths in various diameters for plumbing stacks and drains; used primarily for drain lines
Absolute Humidity
The density of water vapor per unit volume of air
The density of water vapor per unit volume of air
Absolute Pressure
The pressure measured by a gauge plus a correction for the effect of air pressure on the gauge (l47 psi at sea level)
The pressure measured by a gauge plus a correction for the effect of air pressure on the gauge (l47 psi at sea level)
Absolute Temperature
Temperature measured from absolute zero
Temperature measured from absolute zero
Absolute Viscosity
A method of measuring viscosity using the poise as the basic measurement unit; this method utilizes a partial vacuum to induce flow in the viscometer
A method of measuring viscosity using the poise as the basic measurement unit; this method utilizes a partial vacuum to induce flow in the viscometer
Absolute Volume
The volume of an ingredient in its solid state, without voids between individual pieces or particles; in the case of fluids, the cubic content occupied; in concrete, it is the actual volume occupied by the different ingredients determined by dividing the weight of each ingredient in pounds by its specific gravity times the weight of one cubic foot of water in pounds; example the absolute volume of one sack of cement equals 94 divided by 315 times 624 equals 0478 cubic feet
The volume of an ingredient in its solid state, without voids between individual pieces or particles; in the case of fluids, the cubic content occupied; in concrete, it is the actual volume occupied by the different ingredients determined by dividing the weight of each ingredient in pounds by its specific gravity times the weight of one cubic foot of water in pounds; example the absolute volume of one sack of cement equals 94 divided by 315 times 624 equals 0478 cubic feet
Absolute Zero
A theoretical lowest possible temperature, at which all molecular motion ceases, calculated to be exactly minus 27315??Centigrade or minus 45967?? Fahrenheit
A theoretical lowest possible temperature, at which all molecular motion ceases, calculated to be exactly minus 27315??Centigrade or minus 45967?? Fahrenheit
Absorb
To swallow up or suck in, like wood absorbing a finishing material
To swallow up or suck in, like wood absorbing a finishing material
Absorbed Moisture
Moisture that has entered a solid material by absorption and has physical properties not substantially different from ordinary water at the same temperature and pressure; in aggregates, that water which is not available to become part of the mixing water
Moisture that has entered a solid material by absorption and has physical properties not substantially different from ordinary water at the same temperature and pressure; in aggregates, that water which is not available to become part of the mixing water
Absorbent
Having the ability to suck up liquid, gas, or heat
Having the ability to suck up liquid, gas, or heat
Absorber
The blackened surface in a solar collector that absorbs the solar radiation and converts it to heat energy
The blackened surface in a solar collector that absorbs the solar radiation and converts it to heat energy
Absorptance
The ratio of light absorbed by a material to incident light falling on it
The ratio of light absorbed by a material to incident light falling on it
Absorption Chiller
A system similar to a vapor compression chiller with the exception that it does not use a compressor, but uses thermal energy (low pressure steam, hot water, or other hot liquids) to produce the cooling effect
A system similar to a vapor compression chiller with the exception that it does not use a compressor, but uses thermal energy (low pressure steam, hot water, or other hot liquids) to produce the cooling effect
Absorption Coefficient
The absorption coefficient of a material or sound-absorbing device is the ratio of the sound absorbed to the sound incident on the material or device; the sound absorbed by a material or device is usually taken as the sound energy incident on the surface minus the sound energy reflected
The absorption coefficient of a material or sound-absorbing device is the ratio of the sound absorbed to the sound incident on the material or device; the sound absorbed by a material or device is usually taken as the sound energy incident on the surface minus the sound energy reflected
Absorption Rate
1 The speed at which the real estate market can absorb new offerings of land or buildings during a specified period of time 2 The amount of water absorbed when a brick is partially immersed for one minute; usually expressed in either grams or ounces per minute per 30 sq in; also called suction or initial rate of absorption
1 The speed at which the real estate market can absorb new offerings of land or buildings during a specified period of time 2 The amount of water absorbed when a brick is partially immersed for one minute; usually expressed in either grams or ounces per minute per 30 sq in; also called suction or initial rate of absorption
Absorption Rate
An estimate of the rate at which a particular classification of space-such as new office space, new housing or new condominium units-will be sold or occupied over a measured period of time. Positive absorption occurs when there is less space available and negative reflects the converse. A prediction of this rate is often involved in a feasibility study or an appraisal in connection with a request for financing.
An estimate of the rate at which a particular classification of space-such as new office space, new housing or new condominium units-will be sold or occupied over a measured period of time. Positive absorption occurs when there is less space available and negative reflects the converse. A prediction of this rate is often involved in a feasibility study or an appraisal in connection with a request for financing.
Absorption Refrigerator
Refrigerator which creates low temperatures by using the cooling effect formed when a refrigerant is absorbed by chemical substance
Refrigerator which creates low temperatures by using the cooling effect formed when a refrigerant is absorbed by chemical substance
Absorption, Total
The amount of water a masonry unit will absorb when immersed in waterAbsorptionThe relationship of the weight of the water absorbed by a material specimen subjected to prescribed immersion procre, to the weight of the dry specimen, expressed in percent
The amount of water a masonry unit will absorb when immersed in waterAbsorptionThe relationship of the weight of the water absorbed by a material specimen subjected to prescribed immersion procre, to the weight of the dry specimen, expressed in percent
Abstract of Title
A written summary of all transactions that could affect the ownership of a piece of real property, including deeds, leases, liens, and wills
A written summary of all transactions that could affect the ownership of a piece of real property, including deeds, leases, liens, and wills
Abutment
The lateral supporting structure of an arch, bridge or similar pressure; that part of a pier or wall from which an arch springs, specifically the support at either end of an arch, beam or bridge; that part of a structure which takes the thrust of a beam, arch, vault, truss or girder; the part of a bridge that supports the end of the span and prevents the bank from sliding under it; a foundation that carries gravity and also thrust loads
The lateral supporting structure of an arch, bridge or similar pressure; that part of a pier or wall from which an arch springs, specifically the support at either end of an arch, beam or bridge; that part of a structure which takes the thrust of a beam, arch, vault, truss or girder; the part of a bridge that supports the end of the span and prevents the bank from sliding under it; a foundation that carries gravity and also thrust loads
Abutment Piece or Member
The bearing plate or piece of a wall system to which the loads are transferred
The bearing plate or piece of a wall system to which the loads are transferred
AC 1
Air Conditioning 2 Asphaltic Concrete 3 Alternating Current
Air Conditioning 2 Asphaltic Concrete 3 Alternating Current
AC Relay
An electromagnetic or electromechanical valve or switch using small currents and voltages to control the making or breaking of electrical contacts on a circuit
An electromagnetic or electromechanical valve or switch using small currents and voltages to control the making or breaking of electrical contacts on a circuit
Accelerate
To quicken or hasten the natural progress of certain actions or events
To quicken or hasten the natural progress of certain actions or events
Accelerated Depreciation
The declining balance and sum of the years digits method which give greater depreciation to the early years of the life of the assets
The declining balance and sum of the years digits method which give greater depreciation to the early years of the life of the assets
Accelerating Admixture
Substance that increases the rate of hydration, shortens setting time, or increases strength development in concrete, mortar, grout, or plaster
Substance that increases the rate of hydration, shortens setting time, or increases strength development in concrete, mortar, grout, or plaster
Acceleration
1 Requiring change order work to be done without extension of the contract time 2 An increase in the rate of speed
1 Requiring change order work to be done without extension of the contract time 2 An increase in the rate of speed
Acceleration Clause
A clause in a mortgage or trust deed that would allow the lender to call the whole loan due at any time that certain specified events occur, such as a default in payments or sale of the property
A clause in a mortgage or trust deed that would allow the lender to call the whole loan due at any time that certain specified events occur, such as a default in payments or sale of the property
Accelerator
A substance which, when added to concrete, mortar, grout, or plaster, increases the rate of hydration of the hydraulic cement, shortens the time of setting, or increases the rate of hardening of strength development, or both; materials used to speed up the setting of mortar or concrete
A substance which, when added to concrete, mortar, grout, or plaster, increases the rate of hydration of the hydraulic cement, shortens the time of setting, or increases the rate of hardening of strength development, or both; materials used to speed up the setting of mortar or concrete
Accelerogram
The record from an accelerograph showing acceleration as a function of time
The record from an accelerograph showing acceleration as a function of time
Acceptance
1 Manifestation that a party assents or agrees to a contract 2 Approval of the work of a construction contract
1 Manifestation that a party assents or agrees to a contract 2 Approval of the work of a construction contract
Access Control
A computerized security system designed to protect against unauthorized entry into buildings or building areas
A computerized security system designed to protect against unauthorized entry into buildings or building areas
Access Door
A door or panel creating a means of access for the inspection or repair of concealed equipment
A door or panel creating a means of access for the inspection or repair of concealed equipment
Access Floor
A raised floor platform with removable panels to provide access to the area below
A raised floor platform with removable panels to provide access to the area below
Access Panel
Removable or swinging panel, usually flush with adjoining surface to provide access to concealed equipment or system components for inspection and maintenance purposes
Removable or swinging panel, usually flush with adjoining surface to provide access to concealed equipment or system components for inspection and maintenance purposes
Access Stair
A stair system to provide specific access to roofs, mechanical equipment rooms, or as a means of emergency exit
A stair system to provide specific access to roofs, mechanical equipment rooms, or as a means of emergency exit
Access/Secure Control Unit
The controlling device of a computerized security system designed to protect against unauthorized entry into buildings or building areas
The controlling device of a computerized security system designed to protect against unauthorized entry into buildings or building areas
Accessible
1 As applied to equipment, admitting close approach because not guarded by locked doors (unless keys are readily available to those requiring access), elevation or other effective means 2 As applied to wiring methods, not permanently closed in by the structure or finish of the building; capable of being removed without disturbing the building structure, finish, or fixed appurtenance thereto
1 As applied to equipment, admitting close approach because not guarded by locked doors (unless keys are readily available to those requiring access), elevation or other effective means 2 As applied to wiring methods, not permanently closed in by the structure or finish of the building; capable of being removed without disturbing the building structure, finish, or fixed appurtenance thereto
Accessible Heremetic
Assembly of motor and compressor inside a single bolted housing unit
Assembly of motor and compressor inside a single bolted housing unit
Accessible Location
A location which can be reached by standing on the floor, platform, runway, or other permanent working area
A location which can be reached by standing on the floor, platform, runway, or other permanent working area
Accessories
1 Tile accessories, ceramic or non-ceramic articles, affixed to orINSERTed in tile work, as exemplified by towel bars, paper, soap and tumbler holders, grab bars and the like 2 Concrete accessories, implements or devices used in the formwork, pouring, spreading, and finishing, of concrete surfaces
1 Tile accessories, ceramic or non-ceramic articles, affixed to orINSERTed in tile work, as exemplified by towel bars, paper, soap and tumbler holders, grab bars and the like 2 Concrete accessories, implements or devices used in the formwork, pouring, spreading, and finishing, of concrete surfaces
Accessory
An object or device aiding or contributing in a secondary way
An object or device aiding or contributing in a secondary way
Accessory, Reinforcing
Items used to facilitate the installation of masonry or concrete reinforcing
Items used to facilitate the installation of masonry or concrete reinforcing
Accord and Satisfaction
Conduct of a debtor that indicates agreement to an amount of money owed by the debtor to a creditor
Conduct of a debtor that indicates agreement to an amount of money owed by the debtor to a creditor
Accordion Folding Door
A folding, hinged, or creased door with rollers which run along a track
A folding, hinged, or creased door with rollers which run along a track
Accordion Partition
A folded, creased, or hinged interior dividing wall
A folded, creased, or hinged interior dividing wall
Account
A statement of transactions during a fiscal period and the resulting balance in each category of income and expense
A statement of transactions during a fiscal period and the resulting balance in each category of income and expense
Account balance
The difference between the sum of the debits and credits
The difference between the sum of the debits and credits
Accounting
The recording and auditing of financial accounts
The recording and auditing of financial accounts
Accounting Period
The time that elapses between the preparation of financial statements
The time that elapses between the preparation of financial statements
Accounts Payable
Money owed by the firm to vendors for services or materials
Money owed by the firm to vendors for services or materials
Accounts Receivable
Money owed to the firm for services rendered or for reimbursements
Money owed to the firm for services rendered or for reimbursements
Accoustical Plaster and Plastic
Sound absorbing finishing materials mill-formulated for application in areas where a rction in sound reverberation or noise intensity is desired; these materials usually are applied to a minimum thickness of 1/2 inch and generally provide a noise rction coefficient of at least 45 decibels
Sound absorbing finishing materials mill-formulated for application in areas where a rction in sound reverberation or noise intensity is desired; these materials usually are applied to a minimum thickness of 1/2 inch and generally provide a noise rction coefficient of at least 45 decibels
Accretion
An increase of land area by the gradual or imperceptible action of natural forces
An increase of land area by the gradual or imperceptible action of natural forces
Accrual Accounting
A method of keeping accounting records in which income is recorded when services are rendered and expenses are recorded when incurred, rather than when cash is received or paid out
A method of keeping accounting records in which income is recorded when services are rendered and expenses are recorded when incurred, rather than when cash is received or paid out
Accruals
The recognition of income and expenses as they occur even though they are not received or paid for until a later period
The recognition of income and expenses as they occur even though they are not received or paid for until a later period
Accrued Expenses
The entry into the liability accounts of expenses, incurred but not paid, at a given date
The entry into the liability accounts of expenses, incurred but not paid, at a given date
Accrued Income
The entry into the asset accounts of income earned, but not received, at a given date
The entry into the asset accounts of income earned, but not received, at a given date
Accrued Interest
Interest that has been earned but not yet paid
Interest that has been earned but not yet paid
Accrued Liabilities
Amounts representing liabilities incurred, but not paid, by a given date
Amounts representing liabilities incurred, but not paid, by a given date
Accumulator
Storage tank which receives liquid refrigerant from evaporator and prevents it from flowing into suction line before vaporizing
Storage tank which receives liquid refrigerant from evaporator and prevents it from flowing into suction line before vaporizing
Acetic Acid
A compound, which in the pure state is a colorless, pungent, biting liquid; vinegar contains 4 to 12 percent of acetic acid
A compound, which in the pure state is a colorless, pungent, biting liquid; vinegar contains 4 to 12 percent of acetic acid
Acetone
A water-white volatile, highly flammable solvent with ether-like odor; made by destructive distillation of hardwood, fermentation of butyl alcohol, and from petroleum sources; used extensively in making paint removers; dimethyl ketone; see Ketones
A water-white volatile, highly flammable solvent with ether-like odor; made by destructive distillation of hardwood, fermentation of butyl alcohol, and from petroleum sources; used extensively in making paint removers; dimethyl ketone; see Ketones
Acetylene
A colorless hydrocarbon gas, burning with a bright flame, used as a fuel in welding and soldering
A colorless hydrocarbon gas, burning with a bright flame, used as a fuel in welding and soldering
ACGIH
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, Inc
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, Inc
Achromatic
1 Having no color, being black, gray, or white 2 Being neutral in color 3 Difficult to color 4 Lenses practically free from light of unwanted color
1 Having no color, being black, gray, or white 2 Being neutral in color 3 Difficult to color 4 Lenses practically free from light of unwanted color
ACI
American Concrete Institute
American Concrete Institute
Acid
A sour substance, one which liberates hydrogen ions in water and is sour and corrosive; will turn litmus red and has a pH of less than 7; acids are generally divided into two classes (1) strong mineral or inorganic acids such as sulfamic, sulfuric, phosphoric, hydrochloric, or nitric, (2) weak organic or natural acids such as acetic (vinegar), citric (citrus fruit juices), oxalic, and fatty acids (oleic) such as palmitic and stearic
A sour substance, one which liberates hydrogen ions in water and is sour and corrosive; will turn litmus red and has a pH of less than 7; acids are generally divided into two classes (1) strong mineral or inorganic acids such as sulfamic, sulfuric, phosphoric, hydrochloric, or nitric, (2) weak organic or natural acids such as acetic (vinegar), citric (citrus fruit juices), oxalic, and fatty acids (oleic) such as palmitic and stearic
Acid Condition In System
Condition in which refrigerant or oil in system is mixed with fluids that are acid in nature
Condition in which refrigerant or oil in system is mixed with fluids that are acid in nature
Acid Demand
Amount of acid required to lower pH and total alkalinity of pool water to correct level
Amount of acid required to lower pH and total alkalinity of pool water to correct level
Acid Etch
1 The use of acid to cut lines into metal or glass 2 The use of acid to remove the surface of concrete
1 The use of acid to cut lines into metal or glass 2 The use of acid to remove the surface of concrete
Acid Number
A designation of the amount of free acid in oils, flats, waxes and resins, expressed as the number of milligrams of potassium hydroxide required to neutralize one gram of the material being tested
A designation of the amount of free acid in oils, flats, waxes and resins, expressed as the number of milligrams of potassium hydroxide required to neutralize one gram of the material being tested
Acid Rain
Sulfur dioxide emissions combining with water in the atmosphere and falling to the earth
Sulfur dioxide emissions combining with water in the atmosphere and falling to the earth
Acid Resisting Brick
Brick suitable for use in contact with chemicals, usually in conjunction with acid-resistant mortars
Brick suitable for use in contact with chemicals, usually in conjunction with acid-resistant mortars
Acidity
A general term applying to substances on the acid side of neutral
A general term applying to substances on the acid side of neutral
Acid-Proof Counter
A horizontal work surface resistant to acid spills
A horizontal work surface resistant to acid spills
Acid-Resistant Grout
A grout that resists the effect of prolonged contact with acids
A grout that resists the effect of prolonged contact with acids
Acid-Test Radio
A calculation of a firms liquidity position; that is the ratio of its quick assets (readily convertible to cash) to current liabilities
A calculation of a firms liquidity position; that is the ratio of its quick assets (readily convertible to cash) to current liabilities
ACM
Asbestos-Containing Material
Asbestos-Containing Material
ACORD 25-S
A form of insurance certificate issued by Agency Company Organization for Research and Development which has replaced the AIA standard form
A form of insurance certificate issued by Agency Company Organization for Research and Development which has replaced the AIA standard form
Acoustic
1 Relating to sound or the sense of hearing 2 The properties of a room or auditorium in transmitting sound
1 Relating to sound or the sense of hearing 2 The properties of a room or auditorium in transmitting sound
Acoustic Paint
Paint which absorbs or deadens sound
Paint which absorbs or deadens sound
Acoustical
Relating to sound or to the sense of hearing
Relating to sound or to the sense of hearing
Acoustical and Insulating Materials Association (A
205 W Touhy Avenue, Park Ridge, Illinois 60068, (312) 692-5178
205 W Touhy Avenue, Park Ridge, Illinois 60068, (312) 692-5178
Acoustical Block
A masonry block used for its sound-absorbing qualities
A masonry block used for its sound-absorbing qualities
Acoustical Materials
Those capable of absorbing sound waves
Those capable of absorbing sound waves
Acoustical Panel
Ceiling and wall mounted modular units composed of sound absorbing materials
Ceiling and wall mounted modular units composed of sound absorbing materials
Acoustical Tile
Ceiling panels in board form used for its sound absorbing properties, sometimes used on walls
Ceiling panels in board form used for its sound absorbing properties, sometimes used on walls
Acoustical Treatment
The act or process of applying acoustical materials to walls and ceilings
The act or process of applying acoustical materials to walls and ceilings
Acoustics
The science of sound including its production, transmission, and effects
The science of sound including its production, transmission, and effects
ACR Tubing
Tubing used in air conditioning and refrigeration; ends are sealed to keep tubing clean and dry
Tubing used in air conditioning and refrigeration; ends are sealed to keep tubing clean and dry
Acre
1 A piece of land measuring 43,560 square feet 2 Unit for measuring land, equal to 43,560 square feet or 4840 square yards or 160 square rods
1 A piece of land measuring 43,560 square feet 2 Unit for measuring land, equal to 43,560 square feet or 4840 square yards or 160 square rods
Acre-Foot
A volume unit for measuring large quantities of water as in reservoirs and lakes; the amount of water that would cover one acre one foot deep, equal to 43,560 cubic feet
A volume unit for measuring large quantities of water as in reservoirs and lakes; the amount of water that would cover one acre one foot deep, equal to 43,560 cubic feet
Acre-Inch
One twelfth of an acre-foot
One twelfth of an acre-foot
ACRI
Air-Conditioning & Refrigeration Institute
Air-Conditioning & Refrigeration Institute
Across
The application of gypsum board where the long dimension is applied at right angles to the framing
The application of gypsum board where the long dimension is applied at right angles to the framing
Acrylic
1 A general class of resinous polymers derived from esters, amides or other acrylic aid derivatives 2 A transparent plastic material used in sheet form for window glass and skylights
1 A general class of resinous polymers derived from esters, amides or other acrylic aid derivatives 2 A transparent plastic material used in sheet form for window glass and skylights
Acrylic Carpet
A carpet made from acrylic fiber composed of synthetic polymers
A carpet made from acrylic fiber composed of synthetic polymers
Acrylic Plastics
Plastics based on resins made by the polymerization of acrylic monomers, such as ethyl acrylate and methecrylate
Plastics based on resins made by the polymerization of acrylic monomers, such as ethyl acrylate and methecrylate
Acrylic Resins
Family of synthetic resins made by polymerizing esters of acrylic acid; synthetic resins of excellent color and clarity used in both emulsion and solvent-based paints
Family of synthetic resins made by polymerizing esters of acrylic acid; synthetic resins of excellent color and clarity used in both emulsion and solvent-based paints
Acrylics
In carpeting, generic term including acrylic and modified acrylic (modacrylic) fibers; acrylic is a polymer composed of at least 85% by weight of acrylonitrile; modacrylic is a polymer composed of less than 85% but at least 35% by weight of acrylonitrile
In carpeting, generic term including acrylic and modified acrylic (modacrylic) fibers; acrylic is a polymer composed of at least 85% by weight of acrylonitrile; modacrylic is a polymer composed of less than 85% but at least 35% by weight of acrylonitrile
Acrylonitrile Butadiene-Styrene
Plastic material used in manufacturing drainage pipe and fittings
Plastic material used in manufacturing drainage pipe and fittings
Act of God
An unexpected event, not within the control of either party, that makes the performance of a contract impossible, unreasonable, or illegal
An unexpected event, not within the control of either party, that makes the performance of a contract impossible, unreasonable, or illegal
Activated Carbon
Specially processed carbon used as a filter-drier; commonly used to clean air; pulverized carbon treated to be especially adsorbent
Specially processed carbon used as a filter-drier; commonly used to clean air; pulverized carbon treated to be especially adsorbent
Activated Charcoal
See Activated Carbon
See Activated Carbon
Activator
A catalyst, curing agent, or coreactant, as for an epoxy resin
A catalyst, curing agent, or coreactant, as for an epoxy resin
Active Door
In a pair of doors, the leaf that opens first and the one to which the lock is applied
In a pair of doors, the leaf that opens first and the one to which the lock is applied
Active Pressure
The pressure exerted by retained earth; such as the earth retained by a retaining wall
The pressure exerted by retained earth; such as the earth retained by a retaining wall
Active System
A solar heating or cooling system that requires outside mechanical power to move the collected heat
A solar heating or cooling system that requires outside mechanical power to move the collected heat
Actual Cost Formula
The formula used to determine a property's taxes and operating expenses for escalation.
The formula used to determine a property's taxes and operating expenses for escalation.
Actual Dimension
The true size of a piece of lumber after it has been milled and dried; see Nominal Dimension
The true size of a piece of lumber after it has been milled and dried; see Nominal Dimension
Actual Notice
The giving of notice by mailing it or handing it to the recipient
The giving of notice by mailing it or handing it to the recipient
Actuator
That portion of a regulating valve which converts mechanical fluid, thermal energy, or electrical energy into mechanical motion to open or close the valve seats
That portion of a regulating valve which converts mechanical fluid, thermal energy, or electrical energy into mechanical motion to open or close the valve seats
Acute Angle
An angle of less than 90 degrees
An angle of less than 90 degrees
AD Plywood
A designation or gradation of plywood The A and the D designate quality of surface layers
A designation or gradation of plywood The A and the D designate quality of surface layers
Ad Valorem
A tax imposed at a percentage rate of the value of the property, such as property tax
A tax imposed at a percentage rate of the value of the property, such as property tax
ADA
Americans with Disabilities Act
Americans with Disabilities Act
Adapter
A mechanical device for connecting two different parts
A mechanical device for connecting two different parts
Adapter Terminal
Electrical fitting attached to the end of a conductor or to a piece of equipment, for taking power from an outlet in a way for which it was not designed
Electrical fitting attached to the end of a conductor or to a piece of equipment, for taking power from an outlet in a way for which it was not designed
Adapter, Cubicle
See Cubical Adapter
See Cubical Adapter
Adaptive reuse
Adapting an old or historical building for a new purpose
Adapting an old or historical building for a new purpose
Add On Factor
A formula that translates a tenant's usable square footage to a landlord's rentable square footage. The formula is the common area divided by the usable area. The add on factor value is usually between 5% and 20%.
A formula that translates a tenant's usable square footage to a landlord's rentable square footage. The formula is the common area divided by the usable area. The add on factor value is usually between 5% and 20%.
Addenda
A revision in the contract document made prior to the execution of the owner-contractor contract
A revision in the contract document made prior to the execution of the owner-contractor contract
Additive
A substance added to another to impart different or special qualities; an admixture
A substance added to another to impart different or special qualities; an admixture
Additive Alternate
An alternate bid that, if accepted, adds to the contract price
An alternate bid that, if accepted, adds to the contract price
Adhered
Attached by adhesion, rather than mechanical anchorage, as adhered veneer
Attached by adhesion, rather than mechanical anchorage, as adhered veneer
Adhered Veneer
A veneer secured and supported through adhesion to an approved bonding material applied over an approved backing
A veneer secured and supported through adhesion to an approved bonding material applied over an approved backing
Adherence
The properties of bodies for sticking together
The properties of bodies for sticking together
Adherend
A body that is held to another body by an adhesive
A body that is held to another body by an adhesive
Adherend Failure
Failure of an adhesive joint when the separation is within the adherend
Failure of an adhesive joint when the separation is within the adherend
Adhesion
1 The state in which two surfaces are held together by interfacial forces which may consist of valence forces or interlocking action, or both; bonding strength; the attraction of a coating to the substrate, or of one coat of paint to another 2 The soil quality of sticking to buckets, blades, and other parts of excavators
1 The state in which two surfaces are held together by interfacial forces which may consist of valence forces or interlocking action, or both; bonding strength; the attraction of a coating to the substrate, or of one coat of paint to another 2 The soil quality of sticking to buckets, blades, and other parts of excavators
Adhesion Type Ceramic Veneer
Thinner sections of ceramic veneer, held in place by adhesion of mortar to unit and to backing; no metal anchors are required
Thinner sections of ceramic veneer, held in place by adhesion of mortar to unit and to backing; no metal anchors are required
Adhesion, Mechanical
Adhesion between surfaces in which the adhesive holds the parts together by interlocking action
Adhesion between surfaces in which the adhesive holds the parts together by interlocking action
Adhesive
1 A material capable of holding other materials together by surface attachment; glues, cements, pastes, epoxy, and mucilage are some of the common adhesives 2 A compound, glue, or mastic used in the application of gypsum board products to framing or for laminating one or more layers of gypsum boards
1 A material capable of holding other materials together by surface attachment; glues, cements, pastes, epoxy, and mucilage are some of the common adhesives 2 A compound, glue, or mastic used in the application of gypsum board products to framing or for laminating one or more layers of gypsum boards
Adhesive Application
A means of applying gypsum board utilizing adhesives and supplemental mechanical fasteners
A means of applying gypsum board utilizing adhesives and supplemental mechanical fasteners
Adhesive Bond
A relationship between two materials in contact with each other causing them to stick or adhere together by means other than cohesion
A relationship between two materials in contact with each other causing them to stick or adhere together by means other than cohesion
Adhesive Failure
Failure of an adhesive joint when the plane of separation is at the adhesive-adherend interface
Failure of an adhesive joint when the plane of separation is at the adhesive-adherend interface
Adhesive Spreader
A notched trowel used in the application of laminating adhesives
A notched trowel used in the application of laminating adhesives
Adhesive Wall Cups
Special clips or nails with large perforated bases for mastic application to most firm surfaces
Special clips or nails with large perforated bases for mastic application to most firm surfaces
Adhesive, Ceramic
Used for bonding tile to a surface; rubber solvents; rubber- and resin-based emulsions used as adhesives
Used for bonding tile to a surface; rubber solvents; rubber- and resin-based emulsions used as adhesives
Adhesive, Pressure-Sensitive
An adhesive that will adhere to a surface at room temperature by briefly applied pressure alone
An adhesive that will adhere to a surface at room temperature by briefly applied pressure alone
Adhesive, Roof
A bonding agent used to cement roof materials
A bonding agent used to cement roof materials
Adhesive, Solvent
An adhesive having a volatile organic liquid as a vehicle, not including water-based adhesives
An adhesive having a volatile organic liquid as a vehicle, not including water-based adhesives
Adhesive, Tile
Organic adhesive used for bonding tile to a surface; rubber solvents and resin-based and rubber emulsions can be used as adhesives
Organic adhesive used for bonding tile to a surface; rubber solvents and resin-based and rubber emulsions can be used as adhesives
Adiabatic
1Impassable to heat 2 Occurring without gain or loss of heat
1Impassable to heat 2 Occurring without gain or loss of heat
Adiabatic Compression
Compressing refrigerant gas without removing or adding heat
Compressing refrigerant gas without removing or adding heat
Adiabatic Curing
The maintenance of ambient conditions during the setting and hardening of concrete so that heat is neither lost nor gained
The maintenance of ambient conditions during the setting and hardening of concrete so that heat is neither lost nor gained
Adjacent
Nearby or adjoining
Nearby or adjoining
Adjustable Bar Hanger
A metal hanger that can be made to fit the varying distances between floor and ceiling joists or rafters to securely hold electrical outlet boxes and devices
A metal hanger that can be made to fit the varying distances between floor and ceiling joists or rafters to securely hold electrical outlet boxes and devices
Adjustable Shelf
A shelf that can be adjusted to different heights
A shelf that can be adjusted to different heights
Adjustable Shelf Standard
Metal items to support shelves usually in the form of strips attached to vertical surfaces
Metal items to support shelves usually in the form of strips attached to vertical surfaces
Adjustable Speed Motor
One in which the speed can be varied gradually over a considerable range, but when once adjusted remains practically unaffected by the load, such as shunt motors designed for a variation of field strength
One in which the speed can be varied gradually over a considerable range, but when once adjusted remains practically unaffected by the load, such as shunt motors designed for a variation of field strength
Adjustable Triangle
A transparent plastic drafting tool that can be adjusted and set for any angle
A transparent plastic drafting tool that can be adjusted and set for any angle
Adjustable Wrench
An open faced wrench which can be adjusted to different sizes
An open faced wrench which can be adjusted to different sizes
Admixture
1 A material other than water, aggregates, and hydraulic cement used as an ingredient of concrete or mortar, and added immediately before or during its mixing 2 A chemical additive used to alter the normal properties of concrete 3 Any substance added to a plaster component or to plaster mortar for the purpose of altering its properties
1 A material other than water, aggregates, and hydraulic cement used as an ingredient of concrete or mortar, and added immediately before or during its mixing 2 A chemical additive used to alter the normal properties of concrete 3 Any substance added to a plaster component or to plaster mortar for the purpose of altering its properties
Adobe
Unburned or unfired brick, dried in the sun
Unburned or unfired brick, dried in the sun
Adobe Masonry
Construction that utilizes unburned (unfired) clay masonry units
Construction that utilizes unburned (unfired) clay masonry units
ADR
Alternative Dispute Resolution; includes mainly negotiation, mediation, and arbitration
Alternative Dispute Resolution; includes mainly negotiation, mediation, and arbitration
Adsorbed Water
Water held on surfaces in a material by either physical and/or chemical forces
Water held on surfaces in a material by either physical and/or chemical forces
Adsorbent
Usually of a solid, having the ability to attract molecules of liquids, solutions, or gasses that adhere to its surface
Usually of a solid, having the ability to attract molecules of liquids, solutions, or gasses that adhere to its surface
Adsorption
The process of attraction to a surface; the attachment of foreign molecules on the surface of a substance
The process of attraction to a surface; the attachment of foreign molecules on the surface of a substance
Adulteration
The addition of unwanted materials
The addition of unwanted materials
Advancing Colors
Colors that give an illusion of being closer to the observer; warm colors in which red-orange predominates
Colors that give an illusion of being closer to the observer; warm colors in which red-orange predominates
Adverse Possession
The overt occupation of real property under some claim of right that is opposed to the claim of some other claimant
The overt occupation of real property under some claim of right that is opposed to the claim of some other claimant
Advertisement for Bids
Published notice for receiving of bids for a construction project
Published notice for receiving of bids for a construction project
Advisor CM
A construction manager who is an advisor to the owner and who does not guarantee the construction cost
A construction manager who is an advisor to the owner and who does not guarantee the construction cost
Adze
A tool for cutting away the surface of wood, like an axe with an arched blade at right angles to the handle
A tool for cutting away the surface of wood, like an axe with an arched blade at right angles to the handle
Aerate
To introduce air into a substance, such as into water at the kitchen sink
To introduce air into a substance, such as into water at the kitchen sink
Aeration
Act of combining substance with air
Act of combining substance with air
Aerator
Device which adds air to water; fills flowing water with bubbles
Device which adds air to water; fills flowing water with bubbles
Aerembolism
Caisson Desease
Caisson Desease
Aerial
1 Relating to the air or atmosphere 2 An antenna
1 Relating to the air or atmosphere 2 An antenna
Aerobic
Activities or processes that can take place only in the presence of air or oxygen
Activities or processes that can take place only in the presence of air or oxygen
Aerosol
1 A colloidal suspension of fine solid or liquid particles in gas, like smoke, fog, and mist 2 A substance dispensed from a pressurized can in aerosol form
1 A colloidal suspension of fine solid or liquid particles in gas, like smoke, fog, and mist 2 A substance dispensed from a pressurized can in aerosol form
Aesthetic Effect
Relating to the beautiful rather than to the merely pleasing, useful, or utilitarian; artistic and in accordance with the principles of good taste
Relating to the beautiful rather than to the merely pleasing, useful, or utilitarian; artistic and in accordance with the principles of good taste
Aesthetics
Concerned with beauty, refinement, and good taste
Concerned with beauty, refinement, and good taste
AEV
Automatic Expansion Valve
Automatic Expansion Valve
Affidavit
A written statement that is made under oath
A written statement that is made under oath
AFPA (Formerly NFoPA)
American Forest & Paper Association
American Forest & Paper Association
A-Frame
A building structure where the main structural members forming the roof and floors are in an A-shape
A building structure where the main structural members forming the roof and floors are in an A-shape
Aftershock
An earthquake occurring subsequent to a large earthquake, the main shock; the magnitude of an aftershock is usually smaller than the main shock
An earthquake occurring subsequent to a large earthquake, the main shock; the magnitude of an aftershock is usually smaller than the main shock
AGA
American Gas Association
American Gas Association
AGC
Associated General Contractors of America
Associated General Contractors of America
Agency
The practice of representing either the buyer or the seller.
The practice of representing either the buyer or the seller.
Agent
One who acts with delegated authority for a principal
One who acts with delegated authority for a principal
Agglomeration
Formation of masses or aggregates of pigments; not dispersed
Formation of masses or aggregates of pigments; not dispersed
Aggregate
1 Inert particles such as sand, gravel, crushed stone, or expanded materials, in a concrete, plaster, or terrazzo mixture 2 Granular material, such as sand, gravel, crushed stone, and iron blast-furnace slag, used with a cementing medium to form a hydraulic-cement, concrete or mortar 3 Crushed stone, crushed slag, or water-worn gravel used for surfacing a built-up roof 4 Any granular mineral material
1 Inert particles such as sand, gravel, crushed stone, or expanded materials, in a concrete, plaster, or terrazzo mixture 2 Granular material, such as sand, gravel, crushed stone, and iron blast-furnace slag, used with a cementing medium to form a hydraulic-cement, concrete or mortar 3 Crushed stone, crushed slag, or water-worn gravel used for surfacing a built-up roof 4 Any granular mineral material
Aggregate Coated Panel
Sheet material, usually plywood, with decorative face of aggregate bonded with epoxy applied to one face
Sheet material, usually plywood, with decorative face of aggregate bonded with epoxy applied to one face
Aggregate Storage Bins
In a concrete batching plant, the bins that store the necessary aggregate sizes and feed them to the dryer in substantially the same proportions as are required in the finished mix
In a concrete batching plant, the bins that store the necessary aggregate sizes and feed them to the dryer in substantially the same proportions as are required in the finished mix
Aggregate, Coarse
One of the four ingredients of concrete, usually gravel, which is retained on a #4 sieve
One of the four ingredients of concrete, usually gravel, which is retained on a #4 sieve
Aggregate, Fine
One of the four ingredients of concrete, usually sand, which will pass the #4 sieve and will be retained on the #200 sieve
One of the four ingredients of concrete, usually sand, which will pass the #4 sieve and will be retained on the #200 sieve
Aggregate, Heavyweight
Aggregate of high specific gravity such as barite, magnetite, limonite, limenite, iron, or steel used to produce heavy concrete
Aggregate of high specific gravity such as barite, magnetite, limonite, limenite, iron, or steel used to produce heavy concrete
Aggregate, Lightweight
Aggregate of low specific gravity, such as expanded or sintered clay, shale, slate, diatomaceous shale, perlite, vermiculite, or slag; natural pumice, scoria, volcanic cinders, tuff, and diatomite, sintered fly ash, or industrial cinders; used to produce lightweight concrete; aggregate with a dry, loose weight of 70 pounds per cubic foot or less
Aggregate of low specific gravity, such as expanded or sintered clay, shale, slate, diatomaceous shale, perlite, vermiculite, or slag; natural pumice, scoria, volcanic cinders, tuff, and diatomite, sintered fly ash, or industrial cinders; used to produce lightweight concrete; aggregate with a dry, loose weight of 70 pounds per cubic foot or less
Agitator
Device used to cause motion in confined fluid
Device used to cause motion in confined fluid
Agreement
A mutual understanding; a meeting of the minds; a contract duly executed and legally binding
A mutual understanding; a meeting of the minds; a contract duly executed and legally binding
Agricultural Varnishes
Varnishes designed to protect and beautify farm implements and machinery
Varnishes designed to protect and beautify farm implements and machinery
AHA
1 American Hardware Association 2 American Hardboard Association
1 American Hardware Association 2 American Hardboard Association
AHA
American Hospital Association
American Hospital Association
AHA
AHA Regional and Local Hospital Listings
AHA Regional and Local Hospital Listings
AHC
Architectural Hardware Consultant, a member of the Door and Hardware Institute
Architectural Hardware Consultant, a member of the Door and Hardware Institute
AHCA
American Healthcare Association
American Healthcare Association
AHDGA
American Hot Dipped Galvanizers Association
American Hot Dipped Galvanizers Association
AHMA
American Hardware Manufacturers Association
American Hardware Manufacturers Association
AHU
Air Handling Unit
Air Handling Unit
AI
Asphalt Institute
Asphalt Institute
AI
Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence
AIA
American Institute of Architects
American Institute of Architects
AIA/ AAH
Academy of Architecture for Health
Academy of Architecture for Health
AIMA
Acoustical and Insulating Materials Association
Acoustical and Insulating Materials Association
AInA
American Insurance Association
American Insurance Association
Air
1 An invisible gaseous substance surrounding the earth, a mixture of mainly oxygen and nitrogen; the atmosphere 2 An air conditioning system
1 An invisible gaseous substance surrounding the earth, a mixture of mainly oxygen and nitrogen; the atmosphere 2 An air conditioning system
Air Adjusting Valve
Spray gun valve controlling input air
Spray gun valve controlling input air
Air Break
In a plumbing system, a physical separation between a drain outlet from a fixture and an indirect waste receptor from the fixture
In a plumbing system, a physical separation between a drain outlet from a fixture and an indirect waste receptor from the fixture
Air Bubble
Bubble in paint film caused by entrapped air
Bubble in paint film caused by entrapped air
Air Cap
Perforated housing for atomizing air at head of spray gun; also called air nozzle
Perforated housing for atomizing air at head of spray gun; also called air nozzle
Air Carbon-Arc Cutting
An arc-cutting process in which the severing of metals is effected by melting with the heat of an arc between an electrode and the base metal and an air stream is used to facilitate cutting
An arc-cutting process in which the severing of metals is effected by melting with the heat of an arc between an electrode and the base metal and an air stream is used to facilitate cutting
Air Chamber
A short piece of pipe about 10 long, installed above the hot and cold valves of fixtures such as sinks, lavatories, and clothes washers which traps a column of air intended to cushion the rush of water as the valve is closed and prevents water hammer
A short piece of pipe about 10 long, installed above the hot and cold valves of fixtures such as sinks, lavatories, and clothes washers which traps a column of air intended to cushion the rush of water as the valve is closed and prevents water hammer
Air Change Method
A method of calculating the quantity of infiltration air into a building
A method of calculating the quantity of infiltration air into a building
Air Changes per Hour
The number of times the air volume of a room or building can be replaced in an hour by an air-handling, circulating, or exhaust system
The number of times the air volume of a room or building can be replaced in an hour by an air-handling, circulating, or exhaust system
Air Cleaner
Device used for removal of airborne impurities
Device used for removal of airborne impurities
Air Cleaning
A control strategy to remove various airborne particulates and/or gases from the air; the three types of air cleaning most commonly used are particulate filtration, electrostatic precipitation, and gas absorption
A control strategy to remove various airborne particulates and/or gases from the air; the three types of air cleaning most commonly used are particulate filtration, electrostatic precipitation, and gas absorption
Air Coil
Coil on some types of heat pumps used either as an evaporator or a condenser
Coil on some types of heat pumps used either as an evaporator or a condenser
Air Compressor
A mechanism which forces air at a high pressure into a storage tank where it is released through a regulator and a hose to power small tools
A mechanism which forces air at a high pressure into a storage tank where it is released through a regulator and a hose to power small tools
Air Conditioner
Device used to control temperature, humidity, cleanliness, and movement of air in conditioned space
Device used to control temperature, humidity, cleanliness, and movement of air in conditioned space
Air Content
The amount of entrained or entrapped air in concrete or mortar, exclusive of pore space in aggregate particles, usually expressed as a percentage of total volume of concrete or mortar
The amount of entrained or entrapped air in concrete or mortar, exclusive of pore space in aggregate particles, usually expressed as a percentage of total volume of concrete or mortar
Air Cooled Compressor
The condenser component of a refrigeration system placed out of the refrigerant area in a series of copper tubes; a fan blows outdoor air across the tubes which contain the refrigerant
The condenser component of a refrigeration system placed out of the refrigerant area in a series of copper tubes; a fan blows outdoor air across the tubes which contain the refrigerant
Air Cooler
Mechanism designed to lower temperature of air passing through it
Mechanism designed to lower temperature of air passing through it
Air Core
Coil of wire not having a metal core
Coil of wire not having a metal core
Air Core Solenoid
Solenoid which has a hollow core instead of a solid core
Solenoid which has a hollow core instead of a solid core
Air Diffuser
Air distribution outlet or grille designed to direct airflow into desired patterns
Air distribution outlet or grille designed to direct airflow into desired patterns
Air Distribution
To force air to desired locations in a building or facility
To force air to desired locations in a building or facility
Air Drying
Drying by oxidation or evaporating by simple exposure to air; used for drying block, brick, wood, or paint without any special equipment, simply by exposure to ambient air
Drying by oxidation or evaporating by simple exposure to air; used for drying block, brick, wood, or paint without any special equipment, simply by exposure to ambient air
Air Eliminator
A mechanical device that expels excess air
A mechanical device that expels excess air
Air Embolism
Caisson Disease
Caisson Disease
Air Entraining Agent
A substance added to concrete, mortar or cement that produces air bubbles during mixing, making it easier to work with and increasing its resistance to frost and freezing
A substance added to concrete, mortar or cement that produces air bubbles during mixing, making it easier to work with and increasing its resistance to frost and freezing
Air Entraining Cement
A portland cement with an admixture that causes a controlled quantity of stable, microscopic air bubbles to form in the concrete during mixing
A portland cement with an admixture that causes a controlled quantity of stable, microscopic air bubbles to form in the concrete during mixing
Air Entrainment
Introduction of air into a process such as in concrete mixing or in a whirlpool bath
Introduction of air into a process such as in concrete mixing or in a whirlpool bath
Air Entrapment
Inclusion of air bubbles in paint film
Inclusion of air bubbles in paint film
Air Exchange Rate
1 The number of times that the outdoor air replaces the volume of air in a building per unit time, typically expressed as air changes per hour 2 The number of times that the ventilation system replaces the air within a room or area within the building
1 The number of times that the outdoor air replaces the volume of air in a building per unit time, typically expressed as air changes per hour 2 The number of times that the ventilation system replaces the air within a room or area within the building
Air Gap
1 In a water supply system, the vertical distance from the top of the flood rim to the faucet or spout which supplies fresh water to the fixture; designed to prevent backsiphonage 2 The space between magnetic poles or between rotating and stationary assemblies in a motor or generator
1 In a water supply system, the vertical distance from the top of the flood rim to the faucet or spout which supplies fresh water to the fixture; designed to prevent backsiphonage 2 The space between magnetic poles or between rotating and stationary assemblies in a motor or generator
Air Handler
Fan-blower, heat transfer coil, filter, and housing parts of a system
Fan-blower, heat transfer coil, filter, and housing parts of a system
Air Handling System
A system to heat, cool, humidify, dehumidify, filter, and transport air, consisting of an air handling unit, fresh air and exhaust air damper at the building exterior, ductwork, supply air, diffusers or registers, and return air grills in the conditioned space
A system to heat, cool, humidify, dehumidify, filter, and transport air, consisting of an air handling unit, fresh air and exhaust air damper at the building exterior, ductwork, supply air, diffusers or registers, and return air grills in the conditioned space
Air Handling Unit (AHU)
Equipment that is designed to move conditioned air, containing fan(s), filter(s), heating coil(s), and/or cooling coil(s); units can be classified as either a central system or unitary; unitary equipment can be classified as rooftop unit, unitary package unit, unitary split system, or compound room unit
Equipment that is designed to move conditioned air, containing fan(s), filter(s), heating coil(s), and/or cooling coil(s); units can be classified as either a central system or unitary; unitary equipment can be classified as rooftop unit, unitary package unit, unitary split system, or compound room unit
Air Hose
Hose of air supply quality, usually red
Hose of air supply quality, usually red
Air Infiltration
Leakage of air into rooms through cracks, windows, doors, and other openings
Leakage of air into rooms through cracks, windows, doors, and other openings
Air Jet
In blast cleaning, type of blast cleaning gun in which the abrasive is conveyed to the gun by partial vacuum
In blast cleaning, type of blast cleaning gun in which the abrasive is conveyed to the gun by partial vacuum
Air Lock
Air trapped within a pipe which restricts or blocks the flow of liquid through the pipe
Air trapped within a pipe which restricts or blocks the flow of liquid through the pipe
Air Manifold
Common air supply chamber for several lines
Common air supply chamber for several lines
Air Monitoring Test
A procre used to determine the contents in a volume of air over a measurable period of time
A procre used to determine the contents in a volume of air over a measurable period of time
Air Nozzle
See Air Cap
See Air Cap
Air Plenum
Any space used to convey return air in a building or structure
Any space used to convey return air in a building or structure
Air Powered Hoist
A hoist that is operated by compressed air
A hoist that is operated by compressed air
Air Purger
A mechanical device that removes unwanted air
A mechanical device that removes unwanted air
Air Rights
The right to use the space above a piece of real property
The right to use the space above a piece of real property
Air Rights
The right to use the space above a specific property. These rights can be leased, sold or donated.
The right to use the space above a specific property. These rights can be leased, sold or donated.
Air Space
An open space or cavity in a wall or between building materials
An open space or cavity in a wall or between building materials
Air Structure
A canvas structure supported by air produced by fans
A canvas structure supported by air produced by fans
Air Tool
Attachments using compressed air to saw, spray-paint, sand, drill, or nail
Attachments using compressed air to saw, spray-paint, sand, drill, or nail
Air Transformer
Device for controlled rction in air pressure
Device for controlled rction in air pressure
Air Valve
Control valve in air line system
Control valve in air line system
Air Vent
1 An opening in a building or structure for the passage of air 2 Valve, either manual or automatic, to remove air from the highest point of a coil or piping assembly
1 An opening in a building or structure for the passage of air 2 Valve, either manual or automatic, to remove air from the highest point of a coil or piping assembly
Air Voids
The small hollow spaces in cement paste caused by unwanted entrapped air bubbles and the smaller voids caused by air-entraining admixtures
The small hollow spaces in cement paste caused by unwanted entrapped air bubbles and the smaller voids caused by air-entraining admixtures
Air Volume
Quantity of air in cubic feet, usually per minute, at atmospheric pressure
Quantity of air in cubic feet, usually per minute, at atmospheric pressure
Air Washer
Device used to clean air while increasing or lowering its humidity
Device used to clean air while increasing or lowering its humidity
Air, Standard
See Standard Atmosphere
See Standard Atmosphere
Airborne Sound
Sound originating in a space; airborne sound can be created from the radiation of structure-borne sound into the air
Sound originating in a space; airborne sound can be created from the radiation of structure-borne sound into the air
Air-Conditioning & Refrigeration Institute (ACRI)
4301 North Fairfax Drive, #425, Arlington, Virginia 22203, (703) 524-8800
4301 North Fairfax Drive, #425, Arlington, Virginia 22203, (703) 524-8800
Air-Cooled Condenser
Heat of compression is dissipated from condensing coils to surrounding air, by convection or by a fan or blower
Heat of compression is dissipated from condensing coils to surrounding air, by convection or by a fan or blower
Air-Dried
Dried by exposure to air in a yard or shed without artificial heat
Dried by exposure to air in a yard or shed without artificial heat
Air-Dried Lumber
Lumber that has dried by being stored in yards or sheds for any length of time; for North America as a whole, the minimum moisture content of thoroughly air-dried lumber is 12 to 15%, and the average is higher
Lumber that has dried by being stored in yards or sheds for any length of time; for North America as a whole, the minimum moisture content of thoroughly air-dried lumber is 12 to 15%, and the average is higher
Air-Dry Weight
The unit weight of a light weight concrete specimen cured for seven days with neither loss nor gain of moisture at 60?? F to 80?? F and dried for 21 days in 50 plus or minus 7% relative humidity at 734?? F plus or minus 2?? F
The unit weight of a light weight concrete specimen cured for seven days with neither loss nor gain of moisture at 60?? F to 80?? F and dried for 21 days in 50 plus or minus 7% relative humidity at 734?? F plus or minus 2?? F
Air-Entertainment
The process by which air is introduced into a material while in a liquid or plastic state in the form of small isolated bubbles
The process by which air is introduced into a material while in a liquid or plastic state in the form of small isolated bubbles
Air-Entrained Concrete
Concrete containing an admixture that produces microscopic air bubbles in the concrete; used to improve workability and freeze resistance
Concrete containing an admixture that produces microscopic air bubbles in the concrete; used to improve workability and freeze resistance
Airfield Marking
Lines, markers, or lines placed on airfield to aid in the takeoff and landing of planes
Lines, markers, or lines placed on airfield to aid in the takeoff and landing of planes
Airless Spraying
Spraying using hydraulic pressure to atomize the paint
Spraying using hydraulic pressure to atomize the paint
Air-Sensing Thermostat
Thermostat unit in which sensing element is located in refrigerated space
Thermostat unit in which sensing element is located in refrigerated space
Air-Slack
A condition where soft-body clay, after absorbing moisture and being exposed to the atmosphere, will spall a piece of clay and/or glaze
A condition where soft-body clay, after absorbing moisture and being exposed to the atmosphere, will spall a piece of clay and/or glaze
Air-To-Air Heat Exchanger
A method of heat recovery in which the intake and exhaust ducts are brought together at the heat exchanger; this system transfers only heat
A method of heat recovery in which the intake and exhaust ducts are brought together at the heat exchanger; this system transfers only heat
AISC
American Institute of Steel Construction, Inc
American Institute of Steel Construction, Inc
AISE
Association of Iron and Steel Engineers
Association of Iron and Steel Engineers
AISI
American Iron & Steel Institute
American Iron & Steel Institute
Aisle
A passage space between rows of seats or tables; a passage space between rows of stored goods in a warehouse
A passage space between rows of seats or tables; a passage space between rows of stored goods in a warehouse
AITC
American Institute of Timber Construction
American Institute of Timber Construction
ALA
American Library Association
American Library Association
Alabaster
A compact translucent, usually white, form of gypsum, often carved into lamps, vases, and ornaments
A compact translucent, usually white, form of gypsum, often carved into lamps, vases, and ornaments
Alarm
A warning sound or device, as in smoke alarm or burglar alarm
A warning sound or device, as in smoke alarm or burglar alarm
Alclad
Tradename for an aluminum alloy coated with pure aluminum to give high corrosion resistance
Tradename for an aluminum alloy coated with pure aluminum to give high corrosion resistance
Alcohol
A colorless volatile inflammable liquid, miscible with water, used as a solvent; in full, ethyl alcohol; the alcohols commonly used in painting are ethyl alcohol as a shellac solvent and methyl alcohol or wood alcohol in paint removers
A colorless volatile inflammable liquid, miscible with water, used as a solvent; in full, ethyl alcohol; the alcohols commonly used in painting are ethyl alcohol as a shellac solvent and methyl alcohol or wood alcohol in paint removers
Alcohol Brine
Water and alcohol solution which remains a liquid below 32??F (O??C)
Water and alcohol solution which remains a liquid below 32??F (O??C)
Alcohol Resisting
Showing no damage when in contact with alcohol
Showing no damage when in contact with alcohol
Alcove
A small recessed section of a room or outdoor area
A small recessed section of a room or outdoor area
Alfresco
In the open air
In the open air
Algae
(plural) A non-flowering stemless water-plant; seaweed, pond scums, and phytoplankton; growing in water in the presence of sunlight and carbon dioxide
(plural) A non-flowering stemless water-plant; seaweed, pond scums, and phytoplankton; growing in water in the presence of sunlight and carbon dioxide
Algaecide
Chemical that kills algae
Chemical that kills algae
Algebra
`The use of letters and other symbols to represent quantities in mathematical calculations
`The use of letters and other symbols to represent quantities in mathematical calculations
Algistat
Chemical that inhibits algae growth
Chemical that inhibits algae growth
Alienation
A conveyance of property to another
A conveyance of property to another
Align
To be or come into precise adjustment or correct relative position
To be or come into precise adjustment or correct relative position
Aliphatic
Describes a major class of organic compounds, many of which are useful as solvents
Describes a major class of organic compounds, many of which are useful as solvents
Alizarin Lake
A bright red pigment with blue undertone made from the organic coal tar dyestuff, alizarin; some purple pigments are also marketed under this name
A bright red pigment with blue undertone made from the organic coal tar dyestuff, alizarin; some purple pigments are also marketed under this name
Alkali
A chemical substance which effectively neutralizes acid material so as to form neutral salts; a base, the opposite of acid; examples are ammonia and caustic soda; highly destructive to oil paint films
A chemical substance which effectively neutralizes acid material so as to form neutral salts; a base, the opposite of acid; examples are ammonia and caustic soda; highly destructive to oil paint films
Alkali-Aggregate Reaction
The chemical reaction in concrete or mortar between alkalis (sodium and potassium oxides) from portland cement or other sources and certain constituents of some aggregates, primarily certain phases of silica, which causes deterioration in the form of strength loss, excessive expansion, and cracks in the concrete or mortar
The chemical reaction in concrete or mortar between alkalis (sodium and potassium oxides) from portland cement or other sources and certain constituents of some aggregates, primarily certain phases of silica, which causes deterioration in the form of strength loss, excessive expansion, and cracks in the concrete or mortar
Alkaline
Having the properties of an alkali; having a pH of more than 7
Having the properties of an alkali; having a pH of more than 7
Alkalinity
Amount of bicarbonate, carbonate, or hydroxide compounds in water
Amount of bicarbonate, carbonate, or hydroxide compounds in water
Alkali-Resistant Grout
A grout that resists the effect of prolonged contact with alkalis
A grout that resists the effect of prolonged contact with alkalis
Alkyd
A synthetic resin, made usually with phthalic anhydride, glycerol and fatty acids from vegetable oils
A synthetic resin, made usually with phthalic anhydride, glycerol and fatty acids from vegetable oils
All Risk Policy
A property insurance policy that insures against all risks of loss that are not specifically excluded
A property insurance policy that insures against all risks of loss that are not specifically excluded
All Stretcher Bond
A brick bond showing only stretchers on the face of the wall with each stretcher divided evenly over the stretchers under it; staggered vertical joints
A brick bond showing only stretchers on the face of the wall with each stretcher divided evenly over the stretchers under it; staggered vertical joints
Allen Key
An Allen Wrench
An Allen Wrench
Allen Type Screw
Screw with recessed hex-shaped head
Screw with recessed hex-shaped head
Allen Wrench
An L-shaped hexagonal rod designed to fit into a hexagonal hole in a bolt head; also called an Allen Key
An L-shaped hexagonal rod designed to fit into a hexagonal hole in a bolt head; also called an Allen Key
Alley
1 A narrow street or passageway behind buildings 2 A building for bowling
1 A narrow street or passageway behind buildings 2 A building for bowling
Alligatoring
1 The cracking and crazing that occurs in asphalt roofing due to age and the effect of solar radiation and oxidation 2 Coarse checking pattern characterized by a slipping of the new paint coating over the old coating to the extent that the old coating can be seen through the fissures, caused by improper build-up of paint 3 In asphalt paving, i Interconnected cracks forming a series of small blocks resembling an alligators skin or chicken-wire, caused by excessive deflection of the surface over unstable subgrade or lower courses of the pavement
1 The cracking and crazing that occurs in asphalt roofing due to age and the effect of solar radiation and oxidation 2 Coarse checking pattern characterized by a slipping of the new paint coating over the old coating to the extent that the old coating can be seen through the fissures, caused by improper build-up of paint 3 In asphalt paving, i Interconnected cracks forming a series of small blocks resembling an alligators skin or chicken-wire, caused by excessive deflection of the surface over unstable subgrade or lower courses of the pavement
All-Inclusive Deed of Trust or Mortgage
A trust deed or mortgage that includes underlying financing; one payment is made to the all-inclusive mortgagee or beneficiary who then makes the payments on the underlying loans; also called a Wraparound Deed of Trust or Mortgage
A trust deed or mortgage that includes underlying financing; one payment is made to the all-inclusive mortgagee or beneficiary who then makes the payments on the underlying loans; also called a Wraparound Deed of Trust or Mortgage
Allowable Bearing Capacity
The amount of pressure, expressed in pounds per square foot, that any particular soil will support, in the opinion of a soil mechanics engineer, taking into account acceptable settling and a safety factor
The amount of pressure, expressed in pounds per square foot, that any particular soil will support, in the opinion of a soil mechanics engineer, taking into account acceptable settling and a safety factor
Allowance
In the contract documents, a sum noted by the architect to be included in the contract sum, for a specific item; for example, a stipulated sum for carpeting or hardware which will be selected at a later date
In the contract documents, a sum noted by the architect to be included in the contract sum, for a specific item; for example, a stipulated sum for carpeting or hardware which will be selected at a later date
Allowances
The amount of tightness or looseness of male and female parts
The amount of tightness or looseness of male and female parts
Alloy
1 A substance composed of two or more metals 2 Or of a metal and a nonmetallic constituent
1 A substance composed of two or more metals 2 Or of a metal and a nonmetallic constituent
All-Purpose Compound
In gypsum wallboard installation, a joint treatment material that can be used as a bedding compound for tape, a finishing compound, and as a laminating adhesive or texturing product
In gypsum wallboard installation, a joint treatment material that can be used as a bedding compound for tape, a finishing compound, and as a laminating adhesive or texturing product
Alluvium
Any geologically recent deposit of fine soil, silt, sand, and gravel from an ancient river
Any geologically recent deposit of fine soil, silt, sand, and gravel from an ancient river
Alpha Gypsum
A class of specially processed calcined gypsum having properties of low consistency and high strength
A class of specially processed calcined gypsum having properties of low consistency and high strength
Alternate
A stipulated construction item and its cost, in addition to the original base bid, for a specific item to be included or excluded from the project; a mutually agreed upon item that is used in place of the originally specified item
A stipulated construction item and its cost, in addition to the original base bid, for a specific item to be included or excluded from the project; a mutually agreed upon item that is used in place of the originally specified item
Alternating Current (AC)
Electric current in which direction of flow alternates or reverses in 60-cycle (Hertz) current, direction of flow reverses every 1/120th of a second
Electric current in which direction of flow alternates or reverses in 60-cycle (Hertz) current, direction of flow reverses every 1/120th of a second
Alternating Current Automatic Low Voltage Secondar
See Secondary Network
See Secondary Network
Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR)
Resolution of a dispute without litigation, includes negotiation, mediation, and arbitration
Resolution of a dispute without litigation, includes negotiation, mediation, and arbitration
Alternator
An electric generator for producing alternating current
An electric generator for producing alternating current
Alumina
A mineral usually found in the clay used for brickmaking
A mineral usually found in the clay used for brickmaking
Alumina Cement
Used in high early strength concrete
Used in high early strength concrete
Alumina Porcelain
A vitreous ceramic whiteware for technical application in which Alumina (A12O3) is the essential crystalline phase
A vitreous ceramic whiteware for technical application in which Alumina (A12O3) is the essential crystalline phase
Aluminous Cement
A hydraulic cement in which the principal constituents are calcium illuminates, instead of calcium silicates which comprise the major ingredients of portland cement (See calcium aluminate cement)
A hydraulic cement in which the principal constituents are calcium illuminates, instead of calcium silicates which comprise the major ingredients of portland cement (See calcium aluminate cement)
Aluminum
A bluish silver-white malleable metallic element with good electrical and thermal conductivity, high reflectivity and resistance to oxidation
A bluish silver-white malleable metallic element with good electrical and thermal conductivity, high reflectivity and resistance to oxidation
Aluminum Association (AA)
900 19th Street, NW, #300, Washington, DC 20006, (202) 862-5100
900 19th Street, NW, #300, Washington, DC 20006, (202) 862-5100
Aluminum Extrusion
Aluminum sections formed by extrusion
Aluminum sections formed by extrusion
Aluminum Grid Walkway
Walkway fabricated of aluminum grid placed over roof surface to protect roofing surface from damage from traffic
Walkway fabricated of aluminum grid placed over roof surface to protect roofing surface from damage from traffic
Aluminum Jacket
A watertight outer housing, fashioned from aluminum, placed around a pipe or vessel
A watertight outer housing, fashioned from aluminum, placed around a pipe or vessel
Aluminum Leaf
Aluminum hammered into very thin sheets
Aluminum hammered into very thin sheets
Aluminum Oxide
1 Corrosion on surface of an aluminum member caused by oxidation 2 Hard and sharp abrasive made by fusing mineral Bauxite at high temperature
1 Corrosion on surface of an aluminum member caused by oxidation 2 Hard and sharp abrasive made by fusing mineral Bauxite at high temperature
Aluminum Paint
Mixture of finely divided aluminum particles in flake form combined with vehicle
Mixture of finely divided aluminum particles in flake form combined with vehicle
Aluminum Plate
Flat aluminum sheet material
Flat aluminum sheet material
Aluminum Sheet Plate
Flat rolled aluminum plate
Flat rolled aluminum plate
Aluminum Silicate
White extender pigment made from China clay or feldspar, which provides very little color or opacity
White extender pigment made from China clay or feldspar, which provides very little color or opacity
Aluminum Storefront
A facade of a building or structure which is constructed of a system of aluminum tubing and glass
A facade of a building or structure which is constructed of a system of aluminum tubing and glass
Aluminum Wire
Electrical conductors and cable manufactured from aluminum
Electrical conductors and cable manufactured from aluminum
Aluminum, Zinc Coated
Aluminum, zinc plated for corrosion protection by hot dipping into molten zinc or by electrolysis
Aluminum, zinc plated for corrosion protection by hot dipping into molten zinc or by electrolysis
Amalgamation
A merger or consolidation of two or more businesses
A merger or consolidation of two or more businesses
Ambience
The feeling of the surroundings or atmosphere of a place
The feeling of the surroundings or atmosphere of a place
Ambient
Surrounding on all sides; encompassing, as the ambient temperature
Surrounding on all sides; encompassing, as the ambient temperature
Ambient Background Samples
Prevalent Level Samples
Prevalent Level Samples
Ambient Sound
The quiet-state noise level in a room or space, which is a composite of sounds from many external sources, both near and far, over which one individual has no control
The quiet-state noise level in a room or space, which is a composite of sounds from many external sources, both near and far, over which one individual has no control
Ambient Temperature
1 Room temperature or the temperature of the surroundings; temperature of fluid (usually air) which surrounds object on all sides
1 Room temperature or the temperature of the surroundings; temperature of fluid (usually air) which surrounds object on all sides
Ambiguous
Having more than one meaning, as in a contract
Having more than one meaning, as in a contract
Ambo
Pulpit in a church
Pulpit in a church
Ambulatory
A sheltered place for walking, as in an aisle or cloister in a church or monastery
A sheltered place for walking, as in an aisle or cloister in a church or monastery
Amenity
Pleasant or useful features in real estate that contribute satisfaction and pleasure rather than direct financial benefit
Pleasant or useful features in real estate that contribute satisfaction and pleasure rather than direct financial benefit
American Arbitration Association (AAA)
140 West 51st Street, New York, NY 10020- 1203, (212) 484-4000, Fax (212) 765-1203
140 West 51st Street, New York, NY 10020- 1203, (212) 484-4000, Fax (212) 765-1203
American Architectural Aluminum Manufacturers Asso
1540 Dundee Road #310, Palatine, Illinois 60067, (708) 202-1350
1540 Dundee Road #310, Palatine, Illinois 60067, (708) 202-1350
American Association of Nurserymen (AAN)
1250 I Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005, (202) 789-2900
1250 I Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005, (202) 789-2900
American Association of State Highway and Transpor
444 North Capitol Street, NW, #225, Washington, DC 20001, (202) 624-5800 - David Hensing
444 North Capitol Street, NW, #225, Washington, DC 20001, (202) 624-5800 - David Hensing
American Bond
In masonry, a form of bond in which every sixth course is a header course and the intervening courses are stretcher courses
In masonry, a form of bond in which every sixth course is a header course and the intervening courses are stretcher courses
American Concrete Institute (ACI)
PO Box 19150, Detroit, Michigan 48219, (313) 532-2600
PO Box 19150, Detroit, Michigan 48219, (313) 532-2600
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hyg
1330 Kemper Meadow Drive, #600, Cincinnati, Ohio 45240, (513) 742-3355
1330 Kemper Meadow Drive, #600, Cincinnati, Ohio 45240, (513) 742-3355
American Forest & Paper Association (AFPA)
111 19th St, NW, #800, Washington, DC 20036, (202) 463-2700
111 19th St, NW, #800, Washington, DC 20036, (202) 463-2700
American Gallon
A measure of liquid volume, 231 cubic inches
A measure of liquid volume, 231 cubic inches
American Gas Association (AGA)
1515 Wilson Blvd, Arlington, Virginia 22209, (703) 841-8400
1515 Wilson Blvd, Arlington, Virginia 22209, (703) 841-8400
American Hardboard Association (AHA)
1210 West Northwest Highway, Palatine, Illinois 60067, (708) 934-8800
1210 West Northwest Highway, Palatine, Illinois 60067, (708) 934-8800
American Hardware Association (AHA)
20 North Wacker Drive, Chicago, IL 60606
20 North Wacker Drive, Chicago, IL 60606
American Hardware Manufacturers Association (AHMA)
801 N Plaza Drive, Schaumburg, Illinois 60173, (708) 605-1025
801 N Plaza Drive, Schaumburg, Illinois 60173, (708) 605-1025
American Hot Dipped Galvanizers Association (AHDGA
1000 Vermont Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20005, (202) 628-4634
1000 Vermont Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20005, (202) 628-4634
American Institute of Architects (AIA)
1735 New York Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20006, (202) 626-7300
1735 New York Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20006, (202) 626-7300
American Institute of Steel Construction, Inc (AI
One East Wacker Drive, #3100, Chicago, Illinois 60601-2001, (312) 670-2400
One East Wacker Drive, #3100, Chicago, Illinois 60601-2001, (312) 670-2400
American Institute of Timber Construction (AITC)
7012 South Revere Parkway, #140, Englewood, Colorado 80112, (303) 792-9559
7012 South Revere Parkway, #140, Englewood, Colorado 80112, (303) 792-9559
American Insurance Association (AInA)
1130 Connecticut Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20036, (202) 828-7100
1130 Connecticut Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20036, (202) 828-7100
American Iron & Steel Institute (AISI)
1101 17th Street, NW #1300, Washington, DC 20036-4700, (202) 452-7100
1101 17th Street, NW #1300, Washington, DC 20036-4700, (202) 452-7100
American Library Association (ALA)
50 E Huron Street, Chicago, Illinois 60611, (312) 944-6780
50 E Huron Street, Chicago, Illinois 60611, (312) 944-6780
American Lumber Standards
Rules for softwood lumber, dealing with recognized classifications, nomenclature, sizes, descriptions, amounts, shipping provisions, basic grades, grade marking, and inspection
Rules for softwood lumber, dealing with recognized classifications, nomenclature, sizes, descriptions, amounts, shipping provisions, basic grades, grade marking, and inspection
American National Standards Institute, Inc (ANSI)
11 West 42nd Street, 13th Floor, New York, NY 10036, (212) 642-4900
11 West 42nd Street, 13th Floor, New York, NY 10036, (212) 642-4900
American Petroleum Institute (API)
1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20035, (202) 682-8000
1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20035, (202) 682-8000
American Plywood Association (APA)
7011 South 19th Street, Tacoma, Washington 98411, (206) 272-2283
7011 South 19th Street, Tacoma, Washington 98411, (206) 272-2283
American Process Zinc Oxide
Zinc oxide pigment made directly from zinc ores; also called Direct Process
Zinc oxide pigment made directly from zinc ores; also called Direct Process
American Public Works Association (APWA),
1313 E 60th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, (312) 667-2200, Fax (312) 667-2304
1313 E 60th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, (312) 667-2200, Fax (312) 667-2304
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)
1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103, (215) 299-5420
1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103, (215) 299-5420
American Society of Architectural Hardware Consult
1815 N Ft Myer Drive, Suite 412, Arlington, Virginia 22209, (703) 527-2060
1815 N Ft Myer Drive, Suite 412, Arlington, Virginia 22209, (703) 527-2060
American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
, 345 East 47th St, New York, New York 10017, (212) 705-7551
, 345 East 47th St, New York, New York 10017, (212) 705-7551
American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Ai
1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, (404) 636-8400
1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, (404) 636-8400
American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
United Engineering Center, 345 East 47th St, New York, New York 10017-2392, (212) 705-8500
United Engineering Center, 345 East 47th St, New York, New York 10017-2392, (212) 705-8500
American Society of Plumbing Engineers (ASPE)
3617 Thousand Oaks Boulevard, #210, Westlake, California 91362 - (805) 495-7120
3617 Thousand Oaks Boulevard, #210, Westlake, California 91362 - (805) 495-7120
American Society of Sanitary Engineers (ASSE)
PO Box 40362, Bay Village, Ohio 44140, (216) 835-3040
PO Box 40362, Bay Village, Ohio 44140, (216) 835-3040
American Standard Pipe Thread
Type of screw thread commonly used on pipe and fittings to assure a tight seal
Type of screw thread commonly used on pipe and fittings to assure a tight seal
American Standards Association
Now known as American National Standards Institute
Now known as American National Standards Institute
American Vermillon
Chrome orange pigment
Chrome orange pigment
American Water Works Association (AWWA)
6666 West Quincy Avenue, Denver, Colorado 80235, (303) 794-7711
6666 West Quincy Avenue, Denver, Colorado 80235, (303) 794-7711
American Welding Society (AWS)
550 NW LeJeune Road, PO Box 351040, Miami, North Carolina 33135, (305) 443-9353
550 NW LeJeune Road, PO Box 351040, Miami, North Carolina 33135, (305) 443-9353
American Wire Gauge
A standard system for designating the diameter of wire
A standard system for designating the diameter of wire
American Wood Preservers Association (AWPA)
PO Box 286, Woodstock, Maryland 21163-0286, (410) 465-3169
PO Box 286, Woodstock, Maryland 21163-0286, (410) 465-3169
American Wood Preservers Institute (AWPI)
1945 Old Gallows Road #150, Vienna, Virginia 22182, (703) 893-4005
1945 Old Gallows Road #150, Vienna, Virginia 22182, (703) 893-4005
Americans with Disabilities Act
National legislation prohibiting discrimination against disabled individuals; the act includes detailed requirements for the planning and design of buildings
National legislation prohibiting discrimination against disabled individuals; the act includes detailed requirements for the planning and design of buildings
Ames Taping Tools
Specially designed tools to mechanically apply taping compound and tape
Specially designed tools to mechanically apply taping compound and tape
Amides
Curing agent combined with epoxy resins
Curing agent combined with epoxy resins
Amine Adduct
Amine curing agent combined with a portion of the resin
Amine curing agent combined with a portion of the resin
Amines
Organic substituted ammonia; curing agent combined with epoxy resins
Organic substituted ammonia; curing agent combined with epoxy resins
Ammeter
An instrument for measuring electric current in amperes
An instrument for measuring electric current in amperes
Ammonia
1 Chemical combination of nitrogen and hydrogen, NH32 Popular refrigerant for industrial refrigerating systems; also a popular absorption system refrigerant; ammonia refrigerant is identified as R-117 3 Ammonia combines with free chlorine in pool water to form chloramine which causes burning eyes, skin irritation and chlorine odor
1 Chemical combination of nitrogen and hydrogen, NH32 Popular refrigerant for industrial refrigerating systems; also a popular absorption system refrigerant; ammonia refrigerant is identified as R-117 3 Ammonia combines with free chlorine in pool water to form chloramine which causes burning eyes, skin irritation and chlorine odor
Amortization
The gradual paying off of indebtedness by regular equal payments including interest and principal over a specified period of time
The gradual paying off of indebtedness by regular equal payments including interest and principal over a specified period of time
Amortization
The paying off of a debt by periodic installments over a specific period of time.
The paying off of a debt by periodic installments over a specific period of time.
Amortization Schle
A chart showing the monthly, quarterly, or annual payments necessary to pay off a loan including interest over a particular period of time
A chart showing the monthly, quarterly, or annual payments necessary to pay off a loan including interest over a particular period of time
Amp
Ampere
Ampere
Ampacity
Current-carrying capacity expressed in amperes
Current-carrying capacity expressed in amperes
Amperage
The strength of a current of electricity expressed in amperes; electron or current flow of one coulomb per second past given point in circuit
The strength of a current of electricity expressed in amperes; electron or current flow of one coulomb per second past given point in circuit
Ampere
Unit of electric current equivalent to flow of one coulomb per second
Unit of electric current equivalent to flow of one coulomb per second
Ampere Turns
A measure of magnetic force; represents product of amperes times number of turns in coil of electromagnet
A measure of magnetic force; represents product of amperes times number of turns in coil of electromagnet
Amplification
An increase in earthquake motion as a result of resonance of the natural period of vibration with that of the forcing vibration
An increase in earthquake motion as a result of resonance of the natural period of vibration with that of the forcing vibration
Amplifier
An electrical device to obtain amplification of voltage, current or power
An electrical device to obtain amplification of voltage, current or power
Amplitude
Maximum deviation from mean or center line of a wave
Maximum deviation from mean or center line of a wave
Amyl Acetate
Banana oil; solvent for nitrocellulose, formed by esterification of acetic acid with amyl alcohol
Banana oil; solvent for nitrocellulose, formed by esterification of acetic acid with amyl alcohol
Anaerobic
An organism that can live without oxygen, such as the bacteria in a septic tank
An organism that can live without oxygen, such as the bacteria in a septic tank
Anaglyph
A sculptured, chased, or embossed ornament worked in low relief
A sculptured, chased, or embossed ornament worked in low relief
Analog
A way of expressing one quantity in terms of another quantity; an analogous or parallel thing; for example, voltage, weight, or length to represent numbers, as watch hands represent time; compare with Digital
A way of expressing one quantity in terms of another quantity; an analogous or parallel thing; for example, voltage, weight, or length to represent numbers, as watch hands represent time; compare with Digital
Analogous Harmony
Colors which are related by containing one color in common; color harmony
Colors which are related by containing one color in common; color harmony
Analogy
Inference from a similar case
Inference from a similar case
Analysis
1 Separation into constituent parts 2 In engineering, the investigative determination of the detailed aspects of a particular phenomenon; may be qualitative, meaning a general evaluation of the nature of the phenomenon, or quantitative, meaning the numerical determination of the magnitude of the phenomenon
1 Separation into constituent parts 2 In engineering, the investigative determination of the detailed aspects of a particular phenomenon; may be qualitative, meaning a general evaluation of the nature of the phenomenon, or quantitative, meaning the numerical determination of the magnitude of the phenomenon
Anchor
Irons or metals of special form and shapes used to fasten together and secure timbers or masonry
Irons or metals of special form and shapes used to fasten together and secure timbers or masonry
Anchor Bolt
A bolt embedded in concrete for the purpose of fastening a building frame to a concrete or masonry foundation
A bolt embedded in concrete for the purpose of fastening a building frame to a concrete or masonry foundation
Anchor Pattern
Profile surface roughness usually attained by blasting
Profile surface roughness usually attained by blasting
Anchor Slot
A groove in an object into which a fastener or connector isINSERTed to attach objects together
A groove in an object into which a fastener or connector isINSERTed to attach objects together
Anchor Tenant
The main tenant in a shopping center development; a large stable tenant or tenants that are expected to attract other tenants and customers to the development
The main tenant in a shopping center development; a large stable tenant or tenants that are expected to attract other tenants and customers to the development
Anchor Ties
Any type of fastener used to secure wood framing, steel, or masonry to some stable object, such as a foundation or another wall; usually for tension value
Any type of fastener used to secure wood framing, steel, or masonry to some stable object, such as a foundation or another wall; usually for tension value
Anchor, Brick
Fasteners that are designed to attach and secure a veneer to a concrete or brick wall
Fasteners that are designed to attach and secure a veneer to a concrete or brick wall
Anchor, Dovetail
A fastener with an interlocking joint that is wider at its end than at its base
A fastener with an interlocking joint that is wider at its end than at its base
Anchor, Rafter
A bolt or fastening device which attaches the rafters to the walls or rafter plate
A bolt or fastening device which attaches the rafters to the walls or rafter plate
Anchor, Wood
A bolt or fastening device which attaches wood to wood or wood to other materials
A bolt or fastening device which attaches wood to wood or wood to other materials
Anchorage
1 An attachment for resistance to movement; the movement can be a result of overturning, sliding or uplift; the most common anchorage for these movements are tie-downs (hold-downs) for overturning and uplift, and anchor bolts for sliding 2 In posttensioning, a device used to anchor tendons to concrete member; in pretensioning, a device used to anchor tendons during hardening of concrete 3 The securing of reinforcing bars in cast-in-place concrete either by hooks, bends, or embedment length
1 An attachment for resistance to movement; the movement can be a result of overturning, sliding or uplift; the most common anchorage for these movements are tie-downs (hold-downs) for overturning and uplift, and anchor bolts for sliding 2 In posttensioning, a device used to anchor tendons to concrete member; in pretensioning, a device used to anchor tendons during hardening of concrete 3 The securing of reinforcing bars in cast-in-place concrete either by hooks, bends, or embedment length
Anchored Type Ceramic Veneer
Thicker sections of ceramic veneer held in place by grout and wire anchors connected to backing wall
Thicker sections of ceramic veneer held in place by grout and wire anchors connected to backing wall
Anchoring Cement
Grout used in sleeves to anchor tubing in place
Grout used in sleeves to anchor tubing in place
Andalusite
A polymorph, along with sellimanite and kyanite, of composition Al2O3SiO2; in firing, it dissociates to yield principally mullite
A polymorph, along with sellimanite and kyanite, of composition Al2O3SiO2; in firing, it dissociates to yield principally mullite
Andiron
A metal stand, usually a pair, for supporting wood fuel in a fireplace
A metal stand, usually a pair, for supporting wood fuel in a fireplace
Anechoic Chamber
A room or building that is free from echoes and reverberations
A room or building that is free from echoes and reverberations
Anemometer
Instrument for measuring the rate of air flow or motion
Instrument for measuring the rate of air flow or motion
Aneroid Barometer
An instrument for measuring atmospheric air pressure by its action on the elastic lid of an evacuated box This is the basis of a surveyors aneroid barometer which is used to measure altitude; an altimeter
An instrument for measuring atmospheric air pressure by its action on the elastic lid of an evacuated box This is the basis of a surveyors aneroid barometer which is used to measure altitude; an altimeter
Anesthetizing Location
Areas in hospitals in which flammable anesthetics are or may be administered to patients; such locations include operating rooms, delivery rooms, and anesthesia rooms, and will also include any corridors, utility rooms or other areas which are or may be used for administering flammable anesthetics to patients
Areas in hospitals in which flammable anesthetics are or may be administered to patients; such locations include operating rooms, delivery rooms, and anesthesia rooms, and will also include any corridors, utility rooms or other areas which are or may be used for administering flammable anesthetics to patients
Angle
1 The difference in direction of two lines which meet or tend to meet, usually measured in degrees 2 An inside corner 3 A structural section of steel which resembles an L in cross section 4 In masonry, a portion of a whole brick which is used to close the bond or brickwork at corners
1 The difference in direction of two lines which meet or tend to meet, usually measured in degrees 2 An inside corner 3 A structural section of steel which resembles an L in cross section 4 In masonry, a portion of a whole brick which is used to close the bond or brickwork at corners
Angle Bar
A steel structural member in the shape of an L; classified by the thickness of the stock and the length of the legs
A steel structural member in the shape of an L; classified by the thickness of the stock and the length of the legs
Angle Blasting
Blast cleaning at angles less than 90 degrees
Blast cleaning at angles less than 90 degrees
Angle Block
A square of tile specially made for changing direction of the trim
A square of tile specially made for changing direction of the trim
Angle Brick
Any brick shaped to an oblique angle to fit a salient corner
Any brick shaped to an oblique angle to fit a salient corner
Angle Divider
A toolused by tilesetters to determine the degree of an angle to cut; used for fitting trim, moldings, and floors into corners; a corner angle is measured by adjusting the divider to fit the corner
A toolused by tilesetters to determine the degree of an angle to cut; used for fitting trim, moldings, and floors into corners; a corner angle is measured by adjusting the divider to fit the corner
Angle Float
A concrete or plastering finishing tool having a surface bent to form a right angle; used to finish re-entrant angles
A concrete or plastering finishing tool having a surface bent to form a right angle; used to finish re-entrant angles
Angle Iron
A rolled steel structural member with an L-shaped section; used to support brickwork over doors and windows and is sometimes used as main runners in lieu of channels to support plaster
A rolled steel structural member with an L-shaped section; used to support brickwork over doors and windows and is sometimes used as main runners in lieu of channels to support plaster
Angle of Degree
On an airless spray cap, the orifice angle; controls width of spray and pattern angle
On an airless spray cap, the orifice angle; controls width of spray and pattern angle
Angle of Incidence
The angle that a line or light ray striking a surface makes with the perpendicular at that point, the point of incidence
The angle that a line or light ray striking a surface makes with the perpendicular at that point, the point of incidence
Angle of Reflection
The angle that a reflected ray makes with the perpendicular to a surface at the point of incidence
The angle that a reflected ray makes with the perpendicular to a surface at the point of incidence
Angle of Repose
1 The natural angle that a pile of a material, such as earth, sand, or gravel will assume 2 The angle at which a body will slide down an inclined plane impelled only by gravity
1 The natural angle that a pile of a material, such as earth, sand, or gravel will assume 2 The angle at which a body will slide down an inclined plane impelled only by gravity
Angle Steel
An L-shaped steel member
An L-shaped steel member
Angle Stop
A water valve that occurs where there is a 90 degree change in direction of the piping, as under a lavatory or sink
A water valve that occurs where there is a 90 degree change in direction of the piping, as under a lavatory or sink
Angle, Shelf
A structural angle which is fastened to the structure of a building to support a wall or other component
A structural angle which is fastened to the structure of a building to support a wall or other component
Anhydrite
The mineral consisting primarily of anhydrous calcium sulfate, CaSO4
The mineral consisting primarily of anhydrous calcium sulfate, CaSO4
Anhydrous
Dry; free from moisture or water in any form
Dry; free from moisture or water in any form
Anhydrous Calcined Gypsum
Keenes Cement
Keenes Cement
Anhydrous Calcium Sulphate
A stable form of gypsum from which practically all of the water of crystallization has been removed; also called dead-burned gypsum; dry chemical made of calcium, sulphur and oxygen, CaSO4
A stable form of gypsum from which practically all of the water of crystallization has been removed; also called dead-burned gypsum; dry chemical made of calcium, sulphur and oxygen, CaSO4
Aniline Colors
Coal-tar derivatives precipitated on a colorless base
Coal-tar derivatives precipitated on a colorless base
Anisotropic
Exhibiting different properties when measured along different axes; in general, fibrous materials such as wood are anisotropic; not isotropic
Exhibiting different properties when measured along different axes; in general, fibrous materials such as wood are anisotropic; not isotropic
Annealed
Cooled under controlled conditions to minimize internal stresses
Cooled under controlled conditions to minimize internal stresses
Annealed Glass
Glass whose surface has been heated to melting and then cooled to provide a toughened surface; also called heat strengthened glass
Glass whose surface has been heated to melting and then cooled to provide a toughened surface; also called heat strengthened glass
Annealing
Process of heat treating metal to get desired properties of softness and ductility
Process of heat treating metal to get desired properties of softness and ductility
Annex
A wing or an addition to a building
A wing or an addition to a building
Annual Growth Ring
The layer of wood growth put on a tree during a single growing season, comprised of springwood and summerwood
The layer of wood growth put on a tree during a single growing season, comprised of springwood and summerwood
Annuity
An investment of money entitling the investor to receive a series of equal monthly or yearly payments
An investment of money entitling the investor to receive a series of equal monthly or yearly payments
Annular Ring Nail
A nail that has grooves around the shank which prevent easy withdrawal; also called a ring shank nail
A nail that has grooves around the shank which prevent easy withdrawal; also called a ring shank nail
Annunciator
A electromagnetic device used to show which of several circuits are activated
A electromagnetic device used to show which of several circuits are activated
Annunciator Panel
A panel mounted on a surface which indicates by lights which circuits have been activated
A panel mounted on a surface which indicates by lights which circuits have been activated
Anode
1 The positive electrode in an electrolytic cell 2 The negative terminal of a primary cell such as a battery
1 The positive electrode in an electrolytic cell 2 The negative terminal of a primary cell such as a battery
Anodize
Coat a metal, such as aluminum, with a protective oxide layer by electrolysis
Coat a metal, such as aluminum, with a protective oxide layer by electrolysis
Anodized
A metal that has been subjected to electrolytic action in order to coat with a protective or decorative film
A metal that has been subjected to electrolytic action in order to coat with a protective or decorative film
Anodized Door
A door which has been given an aluminum oxide coating by electrolytic action
A door which has been given an aluminum oxide coating by electrolytic action
Anodized Tile
Tile which has been given an aluminum oxide coating by electrolytic action
Tile which has been given an aluminum oxide coating by electrolytic action
Anodizing
An electrolytic process that forms a permanent, protective coating on aluminum
An electrolytic process that forms a permanent, protective coating on aluminum
Anomaly
An irregularity, abnormality, peculiarity, or deviation from the norm
An irregularity, abnormality, peculiarity, or deviation from the norm
ANSI
American National Standards Institute, Inc
American National Standards Institute, Inc
Antenna
A metallic device used for radiating or receiving radio waves
A metallic device used for radiating or receiving radio waves
Anterior
Situated before or toward the front
Situated before or toward the front
Anteroom
A small room leading to a main room; a waiting room
A small room leading to a main room; a waiting room
Anticipatory Breach
A positive statement by a party to a contract that the party will not perform the terms of the contract
A positive statement by a party to a contract that the party will not perform the terms of the contract
Anticlastic
Saddle-shaped, or having curvature in two opposing directions
Saddle-shaped, or having curvature in two opposing directions
Anti-Corrosive Paint
Metal paint designed to inhibit corrosion; applied directly to the metal
Metal paint designed to inhibit corrosion; applied directly to the metal
Anti-Flooding Agent
A synthetic organic product used to rce floating and flooding of iron blues, carbon blacks, and chrome greens
A synthetic organic product used to rce floating and flooding of iron blues, carbon blacks, and chrome greens
Anti-Fouling Paint
A special coating for ship bottoms, containing poison like copper or mercury, formulated to effect the release of the poison at a controlled rate, to prevent attachment and growth of marine organisms such as barnacles and algae
A special coating for ship bottoms, containing poison like copper or mercury, formulated to effect the release of the poison at a controlled rate, to prevent attachment and growth of marine organisms such as barnacles and algae
Anti-Friction Bearing
Any bearing having the capacity of effectively rcing friction
Any bearing having the capacity of effectively rcing friction
Anti-Friction Latch Bolt
A latch bolt designed to rce friction when the bolt starts to engage the lock strike
A latch bolt designed to rce friction when the bolt starts to engage the lock strike
Antihammer Device
An air chamber such as a closed length of pipe or a coil which is designed to absorb the shock caused by closing a valve rapidly
An air chamber such as a closed length of pipe or a coil which is designed to absorb the shock caused by closing a valve rapidly
Antimicrobial
Agent that kills microbial growth
Agent that kills microbial growth
Antimony Oxide
Pure white pigment which provides about same hiding power as lithopone
Pure white pigment which provides about same hiding power as lithopone
Antioxidant
Protective compound used on ends of aluminum wiring at connections to prevent corrosion that would interfere with a solid safe connection
Protective compound used on ends of aluminum wiring at connections to prevent corrosion that would interfere with a solid safe connection
Antiquing
Furniture finishing technique intended to give appearance of age or wear
Furniture finishing technique intended to give appearance of age or wear
Anti-Siphon Trap
A trap which is designed to prevent the siphonage of its water seal by increasing the diameter of the outlet leg of the trap so that it contains a sufficient volume of water to prevent a siphoning action
A trap which is designed to prevent the siphonage of its water seal by increasing the diameter of the outlet leg of the trap so that it contains a sufficient volume of water to prevent a siphoning action
Anti-Skinning Agent
A synthetic organic product, used to prevent forming of surface skin in packaged varnishes and paints
A synthetic organic product, used to prevent forming of surface skin in packaged varnishes and paints
APA
American Plywood Association
American Plywood Association
Apartment
A suite of rooms, usually let as a dwelling; a dwelling unit
A suite of rooms, usually let as a dwelling; a dwelling unit
Apartment Hotel
A hotel containing apartments as well as transient rooms
A hotel containing apartments as well as transient rooms
Apartment House
A building containing three or more separate residential apartments; also called an Apartment Building
A building containing three or more separate residential apartments; also called an Apartment Building
Aperture
1 Any opening 2 An opening that varies the amount of light entering a camera
1 Any opening 2 An opening that varies the amount of light entering a camera
Apex
The highest point; vertex
The highest point; vertex
API
American Petroleum Institute
American Petroleum Institute
Apices
Plural of apex
Plural of apex
Appliance
An appliance is current-consuming utilization equipment, generally other than industrial, normally built in standardized sizes or types, which is installed or connected as a unit to perform one or more functions such as clothes washing, air conditioning, food mixing, or deep frying
An appliance is current-consuming utilization equipment, generally other than industrial, normally built in standardized sizes or types, which is installed or connected as a unit to perform one or more functions such as clothes washing, air conditioning, food mixing, or deep frying
Appliance, Fixed
An appliance which is fastened or otherwise secured at a specific location
An appliance which is fastened or otherwise secured at a specific location
Appliance, Portable
An appliance which is movable or can easily be moved from one place to another in normal use
An appliance which is movable or can easily be moved from one place to another in normal use
Appliance, Stationary
An appliance which is not easily moved from one place to another in normal use
An appliance which is not easily moved from one place to another in normal use
Application for Payment
A written document forwarded by the contractor requesting payment for work completed
A written document forwarded by the contractor requesting payment for work completed
Application Rate
The quantity (mass, volume or thickness) of material applied per unit area
The quantity (mass, volume or thickness) of material applied per unit area
Applicator
1 One who applies 2 Tool for applying
1 One who applies 2 Tool for applying
Applied Preservative Treated
Applied treatment of wood or plywood to make it resistant to deterioration from moisture and insects
Applied treatment of wood or plywood to make it resistant to deterioration from moisture and insects
Appraisal
A valuation of property by a qualified person, usually in the form of a written report
A valuation of property by a qualified person, usually in the form of a written report
Appraisal
An estimate or opinion of value of a property. Also, the act of estimating value.
An estimate or opinion of value of a property. Also, the act of estimating value.
Appraise
To give an expert judgment of the value or merit of
To give an expert judgment of the value or merit of
Appreciation
The increase in value of a property from any cause
The increase in value of a property from any cause
Apprentice
A person who is learning a trade, art or calling by being employed in it for an agreed period for low wages
A person who is learning a trade, art or calling by being employed in it for an agreed period for low wages
Approved
Acceptable to that enforcing agency having the responsibility and authority to grant the approval for the specified condition or application
Acceptable to that enforcing agency having the responsibility and authority to grant the approval for the specified condition or application
APR
Annual Percentage Rate
Annual Percentage Rate
Apron
1 The lower trim member under the sill of the interior casing of a window 2 An upward or downward vertical extension of a sink or lavatory 3 A paved area immediately adjacent to a building, structure or facility
1 The lower trim member under the sill of the interior casing of a window 2 An upward or downward vertical extension of a sink or lavatory 3 A paved area immediately adjacent to a building, structure or facility
Apron Wall
That part of a panel wall between the window sill and the support of the panel wall
That part of a panel wall between the window sill and the support of the panel wall
Apse
A projecting part of a building, such as in a church, usually semicircular and vaulted
A projecting part of a building, such as in a church, usually semicircular and vaulted
APWA
American Public Works Association
American Public Works Association
Aquct
1 An artificial channel or conduit for conveying large quantities of water, usually supported by a bridge-like structure 2 A structure for conveying a canal over a river or a valley
1 An artificial channel or conduit for conveying large quantities of water, usually supported by a bridge-like structure 2 A structure for conveying a canal over a river or a valley
Aqueous
Containing water
Containing water
Aquifer
A strata of porous permeable rock or soil that is capable of holding a large quantity of water
A strata of porous permeable rock or soil that is capable of holding a large quantity of water
AR
Acid Resisting
Acid Resisting
Arabesque
An ornament, style or design of intertwined leaves, flowers, or fruit to produce an intricate pattern of interlaced lines
An ornament, style or design of intertwined leaves, flowers, or fruit to produce an intricate pattern of interlaced lines
Arabic Numeral
One of the number symbols, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
One of the number symbols, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
Arbitration
1 A proceeding for resolution of disputes in which a neutral person or panel, after hearing evidence presented by both sides, makes a final and binding decision that resolves the dispute 2 A hearing used to resolve disputes
1 A proceeding for resolution of disputes in which a neutral person or panel, after hearing evidence presented by both sides, makes a final and binding decision that resolves the dispute 2 A hearing used to resolve disputes
Arbitration Award
The arbitrators judgment or decision in an arbitration
The arbitrators judgment or decision in an arbitration
Arbitration Demand
A written notice by one party to a contract served on the other to avail of the arbitration provisions of the contract
A written notice by one party to a contract served on the other to avail of the arbitration provisions of the contract
Arbor
1 A light open-work structure of wood or metal, covered or intended to be covered with vines, as in a park or garden 2 An Axle or spindle on which something revolves 3 A device holding a tool in a lathe
1 A light open-work structure of wood or metal, covered or intended to be covered with vines, as in a park or garden 2 An Axle or spindle on which something revolves 3 A device holding a tool in a lathe
Arc
1 Arched or curved 2 A portion of an ellipse or circle
1 Arched or curved 2 A portion of an ellipse or circle
Arc Blow
The deflection of an electric arc from its normal path because of magnetic forces
The deflection of an electric arc from its normal path because of magnetic forces
Arc Voltage
The voltage (electrical potential) across the welding arc
The voltage (electrical potential) across the welding arc
Arc Welding
A process of joining two pieces of metal by melting them together at their interface with a continuous electric spark and adding a controlled additional amount of molten metal from a metallic electrode
A process of joining two pieces of metal by melting them together at their interface with a continuous electric spark and adding a controlled additional amount of molten metal from a metallic electrode
Arcade
1 An arched covered passageway 2 An amusement center with coin-operated games
1 An arched covered passageway 2 An amusement center with coin-operated games
Arch
A curved structural member used to span an opening or recess; also built flat Structurally, an arch is a piece or assemblage of pieces so arranged over an opening that the supported load is resolved into pressures on the side supports, and practically normal to their faces
A curved structural member used to span an opening or recess; also built flat Structurally, an arch is a piece or assemblage of pieces so arranged over an opening that the supported load is resolved into pressures on the side supports, and practically normal to their faces
Arch Brick
Wedge-shaped brick for special use in an arch
Wedge-shaped brick for special use in an arch
Arch Corner Bead
A job-shaped length of corner bead used to define the curved portion of arched openings
A job-shaped length of corner bead used to define the curved portion of arched openings
Arch Culvert
A curved shaped drain under a roadway, canal or embankment
A curved shaped drain under a roadway, canal or embankment
Archeology
The study of human history and prehistory through the excavation of sites and the analysis of human remains
The study of human history and prehistory through the excavation of sites and the analysis of human remains
Archetype
An original model; a Prototype
An original model; a Prototype
Archimedes Principle
A law of physics that states that a floating body displaces a weight of liquid equal to its own weight
A law of physics that states that a floating body displaces a weight of liquid equal to its own weight
Archimedes Screw
A primitive device for raising water, consisting of a pipe spirally wound around an axis
A primitive device for raising water, consisting of a pipe spirally wound around an axis
Archipelago
A group of islands in the sea
A group of islands in the sea
Architect
One who designs buildings and advises on their construction
One who designs buildings and advises on their construction
Architectonic
1 Architectural 2 Having an organized and unified structure or concept that suggests an architectural design
1 Architectural 2 Having an organized and unified structure or concept that suggests an architectural design
Architectonics
The science of architecture
The science of architecture
Architects Project Representative
A more or less continuous architects representative on the jobsite; reports to the architect; formerly called Clerk of the Works
A more or less continuous architects representative on the jobsite; reports to the architect; formerly called Clerk of the Works
Architectural
1Of or relating to or conforming to the rules of architecture 2 Having a single, unified overall design, form, or structure
1Of or relating to or conforming to the rules of architecture 2 Having a single, unified overall design, form, or structure
Architectural Equipment
The implements, apparatus, or equipment used in the construction and initial outfitting of a building
The implements, apparatus, or equipment used in the construction and initial outfitting of a building
Architectural Fee
The amount of money charged by an architect for professional services such as programming, design, preparation of contract documents, and administration of the construction of a building or facility
The amount of money charged by an architect for professional services such as programming, design, preparation of contract documents, and administration of the construction of a building or facility
Architectural Terra Cota
Hard-burned, glazed or unglazed clay building units, plain or ornamental, machine-extruded or hand-molded, and generally larger in size than brick or facing tile; also see Ceramic Veneer
Hard-burned, glazed or unglazed clay building units, plain or ornamental, machine-extruded or hand-molded, and generally larger in size than brick or facing tile; also see Ceramic Veneer
Architectural Woodwork
Finish work using wood or composites for ornamental designs or casework
Finish work using wood or composites for ornamental designs or casework
Architectural Woodwork Institute (AWI)
13924 Braddlock Road #100, Centerville, Virginia 22020, (703) 222-1100
13924 Braddlock Road #100, Centerville, Virginia 22020, (703) 222-1100
Architrave
1 The lowest division of an entablature 2 The molding around a rectangular opening, such as a door or window
1 The lowest division of an entablature 2 The molding around a rectangular opening, such as a door or window
Are
A metric unit of measure equal to 100 square meters 100 ares equal 1 hectare
A metric unit of measure equal to 100 square meters 100 ares equal 1 hectare
Area
1 The extent or measure of a surface, expressed in square units 2 The space allocated to a particular function
1 The extent or measure of a surface, expressed in square units 2 The space allocated to a particular function
Area Divider
In roof construction, a raised double wood member attached to a properly flashed wood base plate that is anchored to the roof deck; used to relieve the stresses of thermal expansion and contraction in a roof system where no expansion joints have been provided
In roof construction, a raised double wood member attached to a properly flashed wood base plate that is anchored to the roof deck; used to relieve the stresses of thermal expansion and contraction in a roof system where no expansion joints have been provided
Area Drain
Any drain installed for the purpose of collecting rain water from an open area and channeling it to the storm drain
Any drain installed for the purpose of collecting rain water from an open area and channeling it to the storm drain
Area Wall
1 The masonry surrounding or partly surrounding an area 2 The retaining wall around basement windows below grade
1 The masonry surrounding or partly surrounding an area 2 The retaining wall around basement windows below grade
Areaway
A sunken space providing access, air, and light to a subterranean building area
A sunken space providing access, air, and light to a subterranean building area
Ark
A repository in a synagogue for the scrolls of the Torah
A repository in a synagogue for the scrolls of the Torah
Armature
Part of an electric motor, generator, or other device moved by magnetism
Part of an electric motor, generator, or other device moved by magnetism
Armor Plate
A kick-plate made of metal installed on the bottom of a door to protect it from denting and scratching
A kick-plate made of metal installed on the bottom of a door to protect it from denting and scratching
Armored Cable
Metal sheathed flexible electrical cable; BX cable
Metal sheathed flexible electrical cable; BX cable
Armored Faceplate
A metal plate which is fastened into the strike at the door jamb to provide a protection for the lock and keeper mechanisms
A metal plate which is fastened into the strike at the door jamb to provide a protection for the lock and keeper mechanisms
Aromatic
Derived from or belonging to a major class of organic compounds, many of which are useful as solvents
Derived from or belonging to a major class of organic compounds, many of which are useful as solvents
Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Strong solvents such as benzene, toluene, xylene
Strong solvents such as benzene, toluene, xylene
Arrester, Lightning
A device connected to an electrical system to protect from lightning and/or voltage surges
A device connected to an electrical system to protect from lightning and/or voltage surges
Arris
The sharp edge or salient angle formed by the meeting of two surfaces, as in a molding
The sharp edge or salient angle formed by the meeting of two surfaces, as in a molding
Art
Work exhibiting human creative skill or its application; creative activity; human skill or workmanship; an occupation requiring knowledge or skill
Work exhibiting human creative skill or its application; creative activity; human skill or workmanship; an occupation requiring knowledge or skill
Arterial Streets
Primary surface roads connecting to expressways with on and off ramps, also connecting sectors of cities, with surface crossings (controlled by traffic lights), normally over continuous long stretches of the cityscape, restricted for parking and to direct access often to adjacent commercial developments; pedestrian crossing controlled
Primary surface roads connecting to expressways with on and off ramps, also connecting sectors of cities, with surface crossings (controlled by traffic lights), normally over continuous long stretches of the cityscape, restricted for parking and to direct access often to adjacent commercial developments; pedestrian crossing controlled
Artesian Well
1A bored well from which water flows from internal pressure 2 A deep- bored well
1A bored well from which water flows from internal pressure 2 A deep- bored well
Artificer
1 A skilled or artistic craft worker 2 An inventor
1 A skilled or artistic craft worker 2 An inventor
Artificial Intelligence
The ability of a computer to think and work like a human being; at present no computer has full artificial intelligence
The ability of a computer to think and work like a human being; at present no computer has full artificial intelligence
Artificial or Accelerated Drying
The process of drying block or brick with relatively warm, dry air, or other means
The process of drying block or brick with relatively warm, dry air, or other means
Artificial Pozzolan
Fly ash and other similar substances such as rice hull ash and microsilica
Fly ash and other similar substances such as rice hull ash and microsilica
Artisan
A skilled worker in a trade such as carpentry, plumbing, or painting
A skilled worker in a trade such as carpentry, plumbing, or painting
ASAHC
American Society of Architectural Hardware Consultants
American Society of Architectural Hardware Consultants
Asbestine
Natural fibrous magnesium silica, which is pure white in color; used as an extender pigment in paints
Natural fibrous magnesium silica, which is pure white in color; used as an extender pigment in paints
Asbestos
A group of natural, fibrous, impure silicate materials, formerly used for its noncombustible, non-conducting, or chemically resistant properties; no longer used as it causes Asbestosis
A group of natural, fibrous, impure silicate materials, formerly used for its noncombustible, non-conducting, or chemically resistant properties; no longer used as it causes Asbestosis
Asbestos Abatement
Procres to control fiber release from asbestos-containing materials in a building or to remove it entirely; may involve removal, encapsulation, repair, enclosure, encasement, and operations and maintenance programs
Procres to control fiber release from asbestos-containing materials in a building or to remove it entirely; may involve removal, encapsulation, repair, enclosure, encasement, and operations and maintenance programs
Asbestos Cement
Cement asbestos
Cement asbestos
Asbestos Program Manager
A building owner or designated representative who supervises all aspects of the facility asbestos management and control program
A building owner or designated representative who supervises all aspects of the facility asbestos management and control program
Asbestos Removal
A special trade or occupation for the removal and disposal of hazardous asbestos
A special trade or occupation for the removal and disposal of hazardous asbestos
Asbestos Vacuum
A filtered device using air suction to collect wetted down asbestos for easy removal into specially made bags
A filtered device using air suction to collect wetted down asbestos for easy removal into specially made bags
Asbestos-Containing Material
Any material containing more than one percent asbestos
Any material containing more than one percent asbestos
Asbestos-Containing Material (ACM)
Any material containing more than one percent asbestos
Any material containing more than one percent asbestos
Asbestos-Free Compound
Joint treatment products that have no asbestos fiber
Joint treatment products that have no asbestos fiber
Asbestosis
A lung disease caused by inhaling asbestos particles
A lung disease caused by inhaling asbestos particles
As-Built Drawings
See Record Drawings
See Record Drawings
As-Builts
See Record Drawings
See Record Drawings
ASCE
American Society of Civil Engineers
American Society of Civil Engineers
Aseismic Region
A region that is relatively free of earthquakes
A region that is relatively free of earthquakes
Ash Dump
A metal access door in the floor of a fireplace firebox to dump the ashes into the ash pit below
A metal access door in the floor of a fireplace firebox to dump the ashes into the ash pit below
Ash Pit
The compartment below a fireplace in which ashes may be dumped from the firebox and stored for later removal
The compartment below a fireplace in which ashes may be dumped from the firebox and stored for later removal
ASHE
American Society for Healthcare Engineering
American Society for Healthcare Engineering
Ashlar
A pattern of masonry consisting of squared stones
A pattern of masonry consisting of squared stones
Ashlar Veneer
An ornamental or protective facing of masonry composed of squared stones
An ornamental or protective facing of masonry composed of squared stones
ASHRAE
American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc
American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc
Askarael
A synthetic nonflammable insulating liquid which, when decomposed by the electric arc, evolves only nonflammable gaseous mixtures
A synthetic nonflammable insulating liquid which, when decomposed by the electric arc, evolves only nonflammable gaseous mixtures
ASLA
American Society of Landscape Architects
American Society of Landscape Architects
ASME
American Society of Mechanical Engineers
American Society of Mechanical Engineers
ASME Boiler Code
Standard specifications issued by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers for the construction of boilers
Standard specifications issued by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers for the construction of boilers
ASPE
American Society of Plumbing Engineers
American Society of Plumbing Engineers
Aspect Ratio
Ratio of length to width of a rectangular air grille or duct
Ratio of length to width of a rectangular air grille or duct
Asphalt
A brown to black bituminous pitch occurring naturally or made from a residue of petroleum refining; also called asphaltum; used for pavements, roofing, and as a waterproofing cement; asphalt comes in a wide range of viscosities and softening points, from about l35?? F (used on dead level roofs) to 210?? F or more (to be used on special steep roofs); asphalt is a constituent in varying proportions of most crude petroleums; see Bitumen
A brown to black bituminous pitch occurring naturally or made from a residue of petroleum refining; also called asphaltum; used for pavements, roofing, and as a waterproofing cement; asphalt comes in a wide range of viscosities and softening points, from about l35?? F (used on dead level roofs) to 210?? F or more (to be used on special steep roofs); asphalt is a constituent in varying proportions of most crude petroleums; see Bitumen
Asphalt Cement
A fluxed or unfluxed asphalt specially prepared as to quality and consistency for direct use in the manufacture of asphalt pavements
A fluxed or unfluxed asphalt specially prepared as to quality and consistency for direct use in the manufacture of asphalt pavements
Asphalt Curb
An extruded berm made from asphaltic concrete
An extruded berm made from asphaltic concrete
Asphalt Cut Back
Asphalt plus thinner; asphalt solution; asphalt coating formed by dissolving asphalt
Asphalt plus thinner; asphalt solution; asphalt coating formed by dissolving asphalt
Asphalt Dampproofing
The application of asphalt to act as a water-resisting treatment to the surface of a concrete or masonry wall
The application of asphalt to act as a water-resisting treatment to the surface of a concrete or masonry wall
Asphalt Demolition
The destruction of roadways constructed of asphalt using large wheeled machinery that tears up the old asphalt into manageable pieces for easy removal
The destruction of roadways constructed of asphalt using large wheeled machinery that tears up the old asphalt into manageable pieces for easy removal
Asphalt Emulsion
Asphalt dispersion; not a solution; a water emulsion of asphalt
Asphalt dispersion; not a solution; a water emulsion of asphalt
Asphalt Expansion Joint
Felt or fiberboard premolded and impregnated with asphalt and used as an expansion joint for cast-in-place concrete
Felt or fiberboard premolded and impregnated with asphalt and used as an expansion joint for cast-in-place concrete
Asphalt Felt
An asphalt-saturated felt or an asphalt-coated felt
An asphalt-saturated felt or an asphalt-coated felt
Asphalt Institute (AI)
6917 Arlington Road #210, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, (301) 656-5824
6917 Arlington Road #210, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, (301) 656-5824
Asphalt Leveling Course
A course asphalt aggregate mixture of variable thickness used to eliminate irregularities in the contour of an existing surface prior to a superimposed treatment or construction
A course asphalt aggregate mixture of variable thickness used to eliminate irregularities in the contour of an existing surface prior to a superimposed treatment or construction
Asphalt Mastic
A mixture of asphaltic material, mineral aggregates, and fine mineral aggregates that can be poured when heated but needs mechanical manipulation to apply when cool
A mixture of asphaltic material, mineral aggregates, and fine mineral aggregates that can be poured when heated but needs mechanical manipulation to apply when cool
Asphalt Membrane
A layer of asphalt used on a flat roof
A layer of asphalt used on a flat roof
Asphalt Prime Coat
A low viscosity liquid asphalt applied to prepare an untreated surface to penetrate into the voids, harden the top and help bind it to the overlying asphalt surface
A low viscosity liquid asphalt applied to prepare an untreated surface to penetrate into the voids, harden the top and help bind it to the overlying asphalt surface
Asphalt Repair
The act or process of patching worn road surfaces or leaking roofs
The act or process of patching worn road surfaces or leaking roofs
Asphalt Rock
Porous rock such as sandstone or limestone that has become impregnated with natural asphalt through geologic process; also called Rock Asphalt
Porous rock such as sandstone or limestone that has become impregnated with natural asphalt through geologic process; also called Rock Asphalt
Asphalt Roof
A roof system which uses asphalt materials as a covering
A roof system which uses asphalt materials as a covering
Asphalt Saturated Felt
A building and roofing felt sheet impregnated with a bituminous waterproofing material
A building and roofing felt sheet impregnated with a bituminous waterproofing material
Asphalt Shingle
Saturated roofing felt either in large rolls or cut into composition shingles, impregnated with aggregate particles applied to a roof surfaces
Saturated roofing felt either in large rolls or cut into composition shingles, impregnated with aggregate particles applied to a roof surfaces
Asphalt Subgrade, Improved
Subgrade, improved as a working platform (1) by the incorporation of granular materials or stabilizers such as asphalt, lime, or portland cement, prepared to support a structure or a pavement system, or (2) any course or courses of select or improved material placed on the subgrade soil below the pavement structure; subgrade improvement does not affect the design thickness of the pavement structure
Subgrade, improved as a working platform (1) by the incorporation of granular materials or stabilizers such as asphalt, lime, or portland cement, prepared to support a structure or a pavement system, or (2) any course or courses of select or improved material placed on the subgrade soil below the pavement structure; subgrade improvement does not affect the design thickness of the pavement structure
Asphalt Surface
A flat layer of asphalt
A flat layer of asphalt
Asphaltenes
The high molecular weight hydrocarbon fraction precipitated from asphalt by a designated paraffinic naphtha solvent at a specified solvent-asphalt ratio
The high molecular weight hydrocarbon fraction precipitated from asphalt by a designated paraffinic naphtha solvent at a specified solvent-asphalt ratio
Asphaltic Paint
1A liquid form of asphalt which can contain other materials such as aluminum flakes and mineral pigments, generally used for creating a water-resistant coating 2 A liquid product used for weatherproofing
1A liquid form of asphalt which can contain other materials such as aluminum flakes and mineral pigments, generally used for creating a water-resistant coating 2 A liquid product used for weatherproofing
Asphalt-Saturated Felt
A moisture-resistant sheet material, available in several different thicknesses, usually consisting of a heavy paper that has been impregnated with asphalt
A moisture-resistant sheet material, available in several different thicknesses, usually consisting of a heavy paper that has been impregnated with asphalt
Asphlatic Concrete
High quality, thoroughly controlled hot mixture of asphalt cement and well-graded, high quality aggregate, thoroughly compacted into a uniform dense mass
High quality, thoroughly controlled hot mixture of asphalt cement and well-graded, high quality aggregate, thoroughly compacted into a uniform dense mass
Aspirating Psychrometer
Device which draws sample of air through it to measure humidity
Device which draws sample of air through it to measure humidity
ASSE
American Society of Sanitary Engineers
American Society of Sanitary Engineers
Assemblage
1 Something put together from parts 2 A random, unordered assemblage is called a gathering 3 An ordered assemblage is a system
1 Something put together from parts 2 A random, unordered assemblage is called a gathering 3 An ordered assemblage is a system
Assembly Area
An outdoor place for the gathering of a group of people exiting from a building or for an cational, sporting, or entertainment event
An outdoor place for the gathering of a group of people exiting from a building or for an cational, sporting, or entertainment event
Assembly Room
A room for the gathering of a group of people, such as an auditorium, gymnasium, restaurant, or meeting room
A room for the gathering of a group of people, such as an auditorium, gymnasium, restaurant, or meeting room
Assessed Value
The value of a parcel of real property, usually a fraction of the market value, used for the purpose of determining the amount of property tax
The value of a parcel of real property, usually a fraction of the market value, used for the purpose of determining the amount of property tax
Assessed Value
The value of real property established for the purpose of computing real property taxes.
The value of real property established for the purpose of computing real property taxes.
Asset
A possession or resource having value
A possession or resource having value
Asset Utilization
Percentage of time a plant is operating at Maximum Demonstrated Production Rate, with perfect quality and defined yield. This is often used as a metric for CMMS implementations.
Percentage of time a plant is operating at Maximum Demonstrated Production Rate, with perfect quality and defined yield. This is often used as a metric for CMMS implementations.
Assignment
Transfer of the rights and duties under a contract from one party to another
Transfer of the rights and duties under a contract from one party to another
Assignment
The transfer of the right, title and interest in the property or lease of one person or entity (assignor), to another (assignee). There are assignments of, among other things, mortgages, sales contracts, deeds, leases and options.
The transfer of the right, title and interest in the property or lease of one person or entity (assignor), to another (assignee). There are assignments of, among other things, mortgages, sales contracts, deeds, leases and options.
Associated General Contractors of America (AGC)
1957 E Street, NW, Washington, DC 20006, (202) 393-2040
1957 E Street, NW, Washington, DC 20006, (202) 393-2040
Association of Iron and Steel Engineers (AISE)
Three Gateway Center, #2350, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15222, (412) 281-6323
Three Gateway Center, #2350, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15222, (412) 281-6323
ASTM
American Society for Testing and Materials
American Society for Testing and Materials
ASTM Standards
Materials specifications issued by the American Society of Testing Materials
Materials specifications issued by the American Society of Testing Materials
Astragal
An interior molding attached to one of a pair of doors or window sash in order to prevent swinging through; also used with sliding doors to insure tighter fitting where doors meet
An interior molding attached to one of a pair of doors or window sash in order to prevent swinging through; also used with sliding doors to insure tighter fitting where doors meet
Astragal Weatherstripping
Fabric, rubber or plastic strips attached to the molding that is attached to one of a pair of doors or casement windows to cover the joint between the two stiles
Fabric, rubber or plastic strips attached to the molding that is attached to one of a pair of doors or casement windows to cover the joint between the two stiles
Asymmetrical
Not symmetrical; asymmetry
Not symmetrical; asymmetry
Athletic Equipment
Various devices used for exercising or the playing of sporting events
Various devices used for exercising or the playing of sporting events
Atmospheric Corrosion
Galvanic corrosion that occurs between two adjoining dissimilar metals in a humid atmospheric condition
Galvanic corrosion that occurs between two adjoining dissimilar metals in a humid atmospheric condition
Atmospheric Pressure
The pressure that atmospheric gases in air exert upon the earth; measured in pounds per square inch or grams per square centimeter; one standard atmosphere equals 1469 psi of pressure and measures 760 mm (2992 inches) in a barometer of mercury
The pressure that atmospheric gases in air exert upon the earth; measured in pounds per square inch or grams per square centimeter; one standard atmosphere equals 1469 psi of pressure and measures 760 mm (2992 inches) in a barometer of mercury
Atmospheric Vacuum Breaker
A simple mechanical device consisting essentially of a check valve in the supply line and a valve member (on the discharge side of the check valve) opening to the atmosphere when the pressure in the line drops to atmospheric; also called a siphon breaker
A simple mechanical device consisting essentially of a check valve in the supply line and a valve member (on the discharge side of the check valve) opening to the atmosphere when the pressure in the line drops to atmospheric; also called a siphon breaker
Atom
The smallest particle of a chemical element; considered as a source of vast potential energy
The smallest particle of a chemical element; considered as a source of vast potential energy
Atomic-Hydrogen Welding
An arc-welding process wherein coalescence is produced by heating with an electric arc maintained between two metal electrodes in an atmosphere of hydrogen; shielding is obtained from the hydrogen; pressure may or may not be used and filler metal may or may not be applied
An arc-welding process wherein coalescence is produced by heating with an electric arc maintained between two metal electrodes in an atmosphere of hydrogen; shielding is obtained from the hydrogen; pressure may or may not be used and filler metal may or may not be applied
Atomize
Process of changing a liquid to minute particles or a fine spray; break steam into small particles
Process of changing a liquid to minute particles or a fine spray; break steam into small particles
Atomizer
Device by which air is introduced into material at the nozzle to regulate the texture of machine-applied plaster
Device by which air is introduced into material at the nozzle to regulate the texture of machine-applied plaster
Atrium
A central courtyard with surrounding rooms opening off it
A central courtyard with surrounding rooms opening off it
Attachment Bug
A device which, byINSERTion in a receptacle, establishes connection between the conductors of the attached flexible cord and the conductors connected permanently to the receptacle
A device which, byINSERTion in a receptacle, establishes connection between the conductors of the attached flexible cord and the conductors connected permanently to the receptacle
Attenuation
The rction of the energy or intensity of sound
The rction of the energy or intensity of sound
Attenuation Blanket
Material utilized to help in the rction of the energy or intensity of sound
Material utilized to help in the rction of the energy or intensity of sound
Attic
A room or space immediately below the roof of a building
A room or space immediately below the roof of a building
Attic Draft Stop
A partition in an attic, from roof to ceiling level, dividing the attic into discrete areas to prevent the spread of smoke and drafts
A partition in an attic, from roof to ceiling level, dividing the attic into discrete areas to prevent the spread of smoke and drafts
Attic Insulation
Treated shreds of cellulose material that are blown into attic spaces or fiberglass rolls that are rolled out between ceiling joists to aid in weatherproofing a building or facility
Treated shreds of cellulose material that are blown into attic spaces or fiberglass rolls that are rolled out between ceiling joists to aid in weatherproofing a building or facility
Attic Ventilators
1 Openings in the roof or in gables for the purpose of allowing air to circulate 2 Mechanical devices with power-driven fans to force the circulation of air
1 Openings in the roof or in gables for the purpose of allowing air to circulate 2 Mechanical devices with power-driven fans to force the circulation of air
Attorney
A qualified lawyer licensed to practice
A qualified lawyer licensed to practice
Attorney-in-Fact
A person acting for another under the authority of a power of attorney
A person acting for another under the authority of a power of attorney
Attornment
The agreement of a party to recognize a third party as a permissible successor party to a contract; most often, the agreement of a tenant to pay rent to a new landlord, especially a mortgagee who has foreclosed.
The agreement of a party to recognize a third party as a permissible successor party to a contract; most often, the agreement of a tenant to pay rent to a new landlord, especially a mortgagee who has foreclosed.
Audio
Acoustical, mechanical or electrical frequencies used in the transmission, reception or reproduction of sound
Acoustical, mechanical or electrical frequencies used in the transmission, reception or reproduction of sound
Audio Cable
A cable over which the transmission, reception, or reproduction of sound is carried
A cable over which the transmission, reception, or reproduction of sound is carried
Audio Sensor
A device that responds to the physical stimulus of sound and transmits a resulting impulse
A device that responds to the physical stimulus of sound and transmits a resulting impulse
Audio Visual
Involving both sight and sound
Involving both sight and sound
Audit
A formal examination and report of a persons or entitys financial condition, usually by a qualified certified public accountant
A formal examination and report of a persons or entitys financial condition, usually by a qualified certified public accountant
Auditorium
A building or room where an audience sits
A building or room where an audience sits
Auger
An instrument or device used for boring or forcing through materials or soil
An instrument or device used for boring or forcing through materials or soil
Auger, Fence
A rotating drill with a screw thread used to drill deep, straight, and narrow holes for the installation of fence posts
A rotating drill with a screw thread used to drill deep, straight, and narrow holes for the installation of fence posts
Authorized Person
One who is properly authorized to perform specific duties under the conditions existing, usually in relation to a contract
One who is properly authorized to perform specific duties under the conditions existing, usually in relation to a contract
Auto Lift
1 An apparatus for lifting automobiles in order to have access to the carriage underneath 2 An apparatus used to move automobiles up and down in a parking structure
1 An apparatus for lifting automobiles in order to have access to the carriage underneath 2 An apparatus used to move automobiles up and down in a parking structure
Auto Transfer Switch
An electrical transfer switch that operates automatically
An electrical transfer switch that operates automatically
Autoclave
A pressure vessel in which an environment of superheated steam at high pressure may be produced; used for sterilizing, assisting a chemical reaction, in the curing of concrete products, and in the testing of hydraulic cement
A pressure vessel in which an environment of superheated steam at high pressure may be produced; used for sterilizing, assisting a chemical reaction, in the curing of concrete products, and in the testing of hydraulic cement
Autoclave Curing
Steam curing of concrete products, sand-lime brick, asbestos-cement products, hydrous calcium silicate insulation products, or cement in an autoclave at maximum ambient temperatures generally between 340 and 420?? F (170-215?? C); also called High Pressure Steam Curing
Steam curing of concrete products, sand-lime brick, asbestos-cement products, hydrous calcium silicate insulation products, or cement in an autoclave at maximum ambient temperatures generally between 340 and 420?? F (170-215?? C); also called High Pressure Steam Curing
Autoclaved Aerated Concrete
A factory-produced building stone; precast, lightweight concrete, in the form of large building blocks, panels, or planks; made of closed cell concrete steam cured in a pressurized autoclave
A factory-produced building stone; precast, lightweight concrete, in the form of large building blocks, panels, or planks; made of closed cell concrete steam cured in a pressurized autoclave
Automatic
1 A device that works by itself without human intervention, usually actuated by some impersonal influence, as for example, a change in current strength, pressure, temperature, or mechanical configuration 2 Done spontaneously without conscious intention, see Non-Automatic
1 A device that works by itself without human intervention, usually actuated by some impersonal influence, as for example, a change in current strength, pressure, temperature, or mechanical configuration 2 Done spontaneously without conscious intention, see Non-Automatic
Automatic Control
Valve action reached through self-operated or self-actuated means, not requiring manual adjustment
Valve action reached through self-operated or self-actuated means, not requiring manual adjustment
Automatic Cyclic Control
A control system in which the opening and closing of the weigh hopper discharge gate, the bituminous discharge valve, and the pugmill discharge gate are actuated by means of self-acting mechanical or electrical machinery without any intermediate manual control The system includes preset timing devices to control the desired periods of dry and wet mixing cycles
A control system in which the opening and closing of the weigh hopper discharge gate, the bituminous discharge valve, and the pugmill discharge gate are actuated by means of self-acting mechanical or electrical machinery without any intermediate manual control The system includes preset timing devices to control the desired periods of dry and wet mixing cycles
Automatic Defrost
System of removing ice and frost from evaporators automatically
System of removing ice and frost from evaporators automatically
Automatic Door
A door equipped with a power-operated mechanism and controls that open and close the door automatically upon receipt of a momentary actuating signal; the switch that begins the automatic cycle may be a photoelectric device, floor mat, or manual switch
A door equipped with a power-operated mechanism and controls that open and close the door automatically upon receipt of a momentary actuating signal; the switch that begins the automatic cycle may be a photoelectric device, floor mat, or manual switch
Automatic Dryer Control
In a concrete batching plant, a system that automatically maintains the temperature of aggregates discharged from the dryer within a preset range
In a concrete batching plant, a system that automatically maintains the temperature of aggregates discharged from the dryer within a preset range
Automatic Expansion Valve (AEV)
Pressure-controlled valve which rces high-pressure liquid refrigerant to low-pressure liquid refrigerant
Pressure-controlled valve which rces high-pressure liquid refrigerant to low-pressure liquid refrigerant
Automatic Frost Control
Control which automatically cycles refrigerating system to remove frost formation on evaporator
Control which automatically cycles refrigerating system to remove frost formation on evaporator
Automatic Ice Cube Maker
Refrigerating mechanism designed to automatically produce ice cubes in quantity
Refrigerating mechanism designed to automatically produce ice cubes in quantity
Automatic Proportioning Control
In an asphaltic concrete plant, a system in which proportions of the aggregate and asphalt fractions are controlled by means of gates or valves which are opened and closed by means of self- acting mechanical or electronic machinery without any intermediate manual control
In an asphaltic concrete plant, a system in which proportions of the aggregate and asphalt fractions are controlled by means of gates or valves which are opened and closed by means of self- acting mechanical or electronic machinery without any intermediate manual control
Automatic Skimmer
See Surface Skimmer
See Surface Skimmer
Automation
The use of automatic equipment to save mental and manual labor
The use of automatic equipment to save mental and manual labor
Automaton
A piece of mechanism with concealed motive power; a Robot
A piece of mechanism with concealed motive power; a Robot
Automotive Equipment
Implements or apparatus that pertain to the repair and care of the automobile
Implements or apparatus that pertain to the repair and care of the automobile
Automotive Hoist
1 An apparatus for hoisting automobiles in order to have access to the carriage underneath 2 An elevator used to move automobiles up and down in a parking structure
1 An apparatus for hoisting automobiles in order to have access to the carriage underneath 2 An elevator used to move automobiles up and down in a parking structure
Autopsy Table
Surface upon which a body is placed for examination after death; a specified item installed in hospitals, laboratories, and police crime labs
Surface upon which a body is placed for examination after death; a specified item installed in hospitals, laboratories, and police crime labs
Autotransformer
Transformer in which both primary and secondary coils have turns in common; step-up or step-down of voltage is accomplished by taps on common winding
Transformer in which both primary and secondary coils have turns in common; step-up or step-down of voltage is accomplished by taps on common winding
Auxiliary Heat
The extra heat provided by a conventional heating system for periods of cloudiness or intense cold, when a solar heating system is insufficient
The extra heat provided by a conventional heating system for periods of cloudiness or intense cold, when a solar heating system is insufficient
Auxiliary Members
In a concrete shell structure, ribs or edge beams which serve to strengthen, stiffen or support the shell; usually, auxiliary members act jointly with the shell
In a concrete shell structure, ribs or edge beams which serve to strengthen, stiffen or support the shell; usually, auxiliary members act jointly with the shell
Auxiliary Switch
A standby device for switching
A standby device for switching
Availability
The specific date that a property will be ready for occupancy.
The specific date that a property will be ready for occupancy.
Available Chlorine
Free or combined chlorine used to disinfect pool water
Free or combined chlorine used to disinfect pool water
Avenue
An access road or street
An access road or street
Average
1 An arithmetic mean 2 An amount obtained by adding the elements of a set and dividing by the number in the set 3 The ordinary standard
1 An arithmetic mean 2 An amount obtained by adding the elements of a set and dividing by the number in the set 3 The ordinary standard
Average
Also referred to as the mean ? the sum or total of all responses divided by the number of respondents.
Also referred to as the mean ? the sum or total of all responses divided by the number of respondents.
Aviary
An enclosure or building for keeping birds confined
An enclosure or building for keeping birds confined
Avoirdupois
1 Weight 2 Avoirdupois Weight
1 Weight 2 Avoirdupois Weight
Avoirdupois Weight
The weight system based on the pound of 16 ounces and the ounce of 16 drams
The weight system based on the pound of 16 ounces and the ounce of 16 drams
Award
1 Arbitration award 2 Contract award
1 Arbitration award 2 Contract award
Awarding Authority
The owner or the agent of the owner who awards an original building or construction contract, also known as the prime contract; this term is generally used with public works
The owner or the agent of the owner who awards an original building or construction contract, also known as the prime contract; this term is generally used with public works
AWG
American Wire Gauge
American Wire Gauge
AWI
Architectural Woodwork Institute
Architectural Woodwork Institute
Awl
A small sharp pointed hand tool for marking lines or piercing small holes
A small sharp pointed hand tool for marking lines or piercing small holes
Awning
A sheet of canvas, plastic, or metal stretched on a frame to give shelter over a window, doorway, or other area
A sheet of canvas, plastic, or metal stretched on a frame to give shelter over a window, doorway, or other area
Awning Window
A window hinged at the top
A window hinged at the top
AWPA
American Wood Preservers Association
American Wood Preservers Association
AWPI
American Wood Preservers Institute
American Wood Preservers Institute
AWS
American Welding Society
American Welding Society
AWWA
American Water Works Association
American Water Works Association
Axial
In a direction parallel to the long axis of a structural member; in line with the axis; an axial force causes tension or compression stress over the cross section of a member
In a direction parallel to the long axis of a structural member; in line with the axis; an axial force causes tension or compression stress over the cross section of a member
Axial Load
Force directly coincident with the primary axis of a structural member such as a beam
Force directly coincident with the primary axis of a structural member such as a beam
Axial Stresses
Compressive or tensile stresses that are coincidental with the central axis of a structural member
Compressive or tensile stresses that are coincidental with the central axis of a structural member
Axis
A straight line of reference; in three dimensions, the three axes are referred to as x, y, and z
A straight line of reference; in three dimensions, the three axes are referred to as x, y, and z
Axis of a Weld
An imaginary line through the length of a weld perpendicular to the cross section at its center of gravity
An imaginary line through the length of a weld perpendicular to the cross section at its center of gravity
Axis of Symmetry
A line dividing an area into two similar but opposite handed figures
A line dividing an area into two similar but opposite handed figures
Axis, Neutral
Centroidal axis, transverse to longitudinal axis of a structural member, which is neither stretched nor shortened by bending of the member
Centroidal axis, transverse to longitudinal axis of a structural member, which is neither stretched nor shortened by bending of the member
Axle
A fixed or rotating rod or spindle on which a wheel or group of wheels rotate
A fixed or rotating rod or spindle on which a wheel or group of wheels rotate
Axminster Carpet
One of the four basic weaves used in making carpets; woven on an Axminster loom, the pile tufts in this weave are mechanicallyINSERTed and bound to the back in a manner similar to the hand knotting of Oriental rugs, making possible almost unlimited combinations of colors and patterns; see Woven Carpet
One of the four basic weaves used in making carpets; woven on an Axminster loom, the pile tufts in this weave are mechanicallyINSERTed and bound to the back in a manner similar to the hand knotting of Oriental rugs, making possible almost unlimited combinations of colors and patterns; see Woven Carpet
Axonometric Projection
A drafting projection in which objects on the drawing appear inclined with three sides showing and with horizontal and vertical distances drawn to scale but diagonal and curved lines distorted
A drafting projection in which objects on the drawing appear inclined with three sides showing and with horizontal and vertical distances drawn to scale but diagonal and curved lines distorted
Azeotrope
Having constant maximum and minimum boiling points
Having constant maximum and minimum boiling points
Azimuth
The horizontal angle or direction of a compass bearing
The horizontal angle or direction of a compass bearing